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The Bacterial Community Structure and Dynamics of Carbon and Nitrogen when Maize (Zea mays L.) and Its Neutral Detergent Fibre Were Added to Soil from Zimbabwe with Contrasting Management Practices

  • Soil Microbiology
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Abstract

Water infiltration, soil carbon content, aggregate stability and yields increased in conservation agriculture practices compared to conventionally ploughed control treatments at the Henderson research station near Mazowe (Zimbabwe). How these changes in soil characteristics affect the bacterial community structure and the bacteria involved in the degradation of applied organic material remains unanswered. Soil was sampled from three agricultural systems at Henderson, i.e. (1) conventional mouldboard ploughing with continuous maize (conventional tillage), (2) direct seeding with a Fitarelli jab planter and continuous maize (direct seeding with continuous maize) and (3) direct seeding with a Fitarelli jab planter with rotation of maize sunn hemp (direct seeding with crop rotation). Soil was amended with young maize plants or their neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and incubated aerobically for 56 days, while C and N mineralization and the bacterial community structure were monitored. Bacillus (Bacillales), Micrococcaceae (Actinomycetales) and phylotypes belonging to the Pseudomonadales were first degraders of the applied maize plants. At day 3, Streptomyces (Actinomycetales), Chitinophagaceae ([Saprospirales]) and Dyella (Xanthomonadales) participated in the degradation of the applied maize and at day 7 Oxalobacteraceae (Burkholderiales). Phylotypes belonging to Halomonas (Oceanospirillales) were the first degraders of NDF and were replaced by Phenylobacterium (Caulobacterales) and phylotypes belonging to Pseudomonadales at day 3. Afterwards, similar bacterial groups were favoured by application of NDF as they were by the application of maize plants, but there were also clear differences. Phylotypes belonging to the Micrococcaceae and Bacillus did not participate in the degradation of NDF or its metabolic products, while phylotypes belonging to the Acidobacteriaceae participated in the degradation of NDF but not in that of maize plants. It was found that agricultural practices had a limited effect on the bacterial community structure, but application of organic material altered it substantially.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), ‘Apoyo Especial para Fortalecimiento de Doctorado PNPC 2013’ and project ‘Infraestructura 205945’ from ‘Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología’ (CONACyT, Mexico) and ‘Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo’ (CIMMYT) via CRP MAIZE. The research forms part of the strategic research for ‘Desarrollo sustentable con el productor’ and is part of ‘Modernización Sustentable de la Agricultura Tradicional’ supported by ‘Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación’ (SAGARPA). M. de la C.-B. and D.A. R.-V. received grant-aided support from CONACyT. The authors thank Abacus (CONACyT) for use of the computer facilities for denoising the DNA sequences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Soil Ecology, ABACUS, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico

    Magali De la Cruz-Barrón, Alejandra Cruz-Mendoza, Daniel Ortíz-Gutiérrez, Daniel A. Ramírez-Villanueva, Marco Luna-Guido & Luc Dendooven

  2. Cátedras CONACYT—Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Av. Universidad 1, C.P., 90062, Tlaxcala, Mexico

    Yendi E. Navarro–Noya

  3. Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico

    Victor M. Ruiz-Valdiviezo

  4. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico D. F, Mexico

    Cristian Thierfelder, Patrick C. Wall, Nele Verhulst & Bram Govaerts

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  1. Magali De la Cruz-Barrón
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  2. Alejandra Cruz-Mendoza
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  12. Luc Dendooven
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luc Dendooven.

Electronic supplementary material

Fig. S1

Soil sampling protocol. (DOCX 85 kb)

Fig. S2

Principal component analysis considering the relative abundance of the different bacterial phyla found in a) CP-M, DS-M, DS-R. (PDF 69 kb)

Fig. S3

Principal coordinate analysis of UNIFRAC distance for a) CP-M, DS-M, DS-R. (PDF 87.9 kb)

Fig. S4

The canonical correlation analysis considering the relative abundance of the different bacterial phyla at day 0 and soil characteristics of a) CP-M, DS-M, DS-R. (PDF 70 kb)

Fig. S5

Dynamics of the most abundant bacterial phyla in the unamended soils over time. (PDF 57 kb)

Fig. S6

The CO2 emitted (mg CO2-C kg-1 dry soil) from soil sampled at the long-term field experiment of the Henderson research station started in 2004. (PDF 66 kb)

Fig. S7

Rarification curves. (PDF 71 kb)

Table S1

(DOCX 80 kb)

Table S2

(DOC 48 kb)

Table S3

(DOC 34 kb)

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De la Cruz-Barrón, M., Cruz-Mendoza, A., Navarro–Noya, Y.E. et al. The Bacterial Community Structure and Dynamics of Carbon and Nitrogen when Maize (Zea mays L.) and Its Neutral Detergent Fibre Were Added to Soil from Zimbabwe with Contrasting Management Practices. Microb Ecol 73, 135–152 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0807-8

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