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Lacustrine Arcellinina (Testate Amoebae) as Bioindicators of Arsenic Contamination

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

Arcellininids (testate amoebae) were examined from 61 surface sediment samples collected from 59 lakes in the vicinity of former gold mines, notably Giant Mine, near Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada to determine their utility as bioindicators of arsenic (As), which occurs both as a byproduct of gold extraction at mines in the area and ore-bearing outcrops. Cluster analysis (Q-R-mode) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) reveal five arcellininid assemblages, three of which are related to varying As concentrations in the sediment samples. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that 14 statistically significant environmental parameters explained 57 % of the variation in faunal distribution, while partial RDA indicated that As had the greatest influence on assemblage variance (10.7 %; p < 0.10). Stress-indicating species (primarily centropyxids) characterized the faunas of samples with high As concentrations (median = 121.7 ppm, max > 10000 ppm, min = 16.1 ppm, n = 32), while difflugiid dominated assemblages were prevalent in substrates with relatively low As concentrations (median = 30.2 ppm, max = 905.2 ppm, min = 6.3 ppm, n = 20). Most of the lakes with very high As levels are located downwind (N and W) of the former Giant Mine roaster stack where refractory ore was roasted and substantial quantities of As were released (as As2O3) to the atmosphere in the first decade of mining. This spatial pattern suggests that a significant proportion of the observed As, in at least these lakes, are industrially derived. The results of this study highlight the sensitivity of Arcellinina to As and confirm that the group has considerable potential for assessing the impact of As contamination on lakes.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for this research project was provided by NSERC Strategic Project Grant, NSERC Discovery Grant, and a Department of Aboriginal and Northern Affairs Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program grants awarded to RTP. Additional direct and in-kind funding was provided by the Northwest Territories Geoscience Office and Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program, and the Geological Survey of Canada. We also thank Dr. Graeme Swindles (Leeds, UK) for valuable discussions on the different multivariate ordination methods used in this work. We also extend our thanks to Dr. Paul Gammon for help with the geochemical analyses and interpretations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada

    Nawaf A. Nasser, R. Timothy Patterson & Andrew L. Macumber

  2. School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen’s University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK

    Helen M. Roe

  3. Geological Survey of Canada, Calgary, Alberta, T2L 2A7, Canada

    Jennifer M. Galloway, Hamed Sanei & Lisa A. Neville

  4. Northwest Territories Geological Survey, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, X1A 2L9, Canada

    Hendrik Falck

  5. Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, X1A 2L9, Canada

    Michael J. Palmer

  6. Environment Canada—Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Canada

    Christopher Spence

Authors
  1. Nawaf A. Nasser
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  2. R. Timothy Patterson
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  3. Helen M. Roe
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  4. Jennifer M. Galloway
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  5. Hendrik Falck
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  6. Michael J. Palmer
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  7. Christopher Spence
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  8. Hamed Sanei
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  9. Andrew L. Macumber
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  10. Lisa A. Neville
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nawaf A. Nasser.

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Nasser, N.A., Patterson, R.T., Roe, H.M. et al. Lacustrine Arcellinina (Testate Amoebae) as Bioindicators of Arsenic Contamination. Microb Ecol 72, 130–149 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0752-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0752-6

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