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Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest Toposequence

  • Soil Microbiology
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Abstract

The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was studied in the Atlantic Forest in Serra do Mar Park (SE Brazil), based on seven host plants in relationship to their soil environment, altitude and seasonality. The studied plots along an elevation gradient are located at 80, 600, and 1,000 m. Soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected in four seasons from SE Brazilian winter 2012 to autumn 2013. AMF spores in rhizosperic soils were morphologically classified and chemical, physical and microbiological soil caracteristics were determined. AMF diversity in roots was evaluated using the NS31/AM1 primer pair, with subsequent cloning and sequencing. In the rhizosphere, 58 AMF species were identified. The genera Acaulospora and Glomus were predominant. However, in the roots, only 14 AMF sequencing groups were found and all had high similarity to Glomeraceae. AMF species identities varied between altitudes and seasons. There were species that contributed the most to this variation. Some soil characteristics (pH, organic matter, microbial activity and microbial biomass carbon) showed a strong relationship with the occurrence of certain species. The highest AMF species diversity, based on Shannon’s diversity index, was found for the highest altitude. Seasonality did not affect the diversity. Our results show a high AMF diversity, higher than commonly found in the Atlantic Forest. The AMF detected in roots were not identical to those detected in rhizosperic soil and differences in AMF communities were found in different altitudes even in geographically close-lying sites.

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Acknowledgments

J.A.B. thanks Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (process no. 11/15262-5) for a research fellowship. EJBNC acknowledges a Research Grant from CNPq. Special thanks are due to Luis Fernando Baldesin for technical assistance.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil Science Department, Soil Microbiology Lab, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Pádua Dias Ave, no. 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

    Joice Andrade Bonfim, Thiago Gumiere, Denise de Lourdes Colombo Mescolotti & Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso

  2. EMBRAPA (Brazilian Company for Research in Agriculture, Husbandry and Environment), 340, Highway, km 127.5, CEP 13820-000, Jaguariuna, SP, Brazil

    Rafael Leandro Figueiredo Vasconcellos

  3. Agroscope, Federal Research Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Plant-Soil-Interactions, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland

    Fritz Oehl

  4. Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia s/n, CEP 50740-600, Recife, Brazil

    Fritz Oehl

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  1. Joice Andrade Bonfim
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  2. Rafael Leandro Figueiredo Vasconcellos
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Correspondence to Joice Andrade Bonfim.

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Fig. S1

a Location of the study area in yellow; b the distribution of sampling areas along the gradient—plots E (80 m), Q (600 m) and K (1,000 m), State Park of Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brazil, adapted from Sanchez et al., (2013). (PDF 116 kb)

Table S1

AMF species more abundant in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest ecosystem and AMF species number that were common in this work and in other Atlantic forest ecosystems in Brazil, São Paulo, 2015. (PDF 14 kb)

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Bonfim, J.A., Vasconcellos, R.L.F., Gumiere, T. et al. Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest Toposequence. Microb Ecol 71, 164–177 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-015-0661-0

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