Abstract
This paper concerns an optimal control problem (P) associated to a nonlinear Fokker–Planck equation via inputs with nonlocal action. The Fokker–Planck equation describes the dynamics of the probability density of a population under a control that produces a repellent vector field which displaces the population. Actually, problem (P) asks to optimally displace a population via the repellent action produced by the control. The problem is deeply related to a stochastic optimal control problem \((P_S)\) for a McKean–Vlasov equation. The existence of an optimal control is obtained for the deterministic problem (P). The existence of an optimal control is established and necessary optimality conditions are derived for a penalized optimal control problem \((P_h)\) related to a backward Euler approximation of the nonlinear Fokker–Planck equation (with a constant discretization step h). Using a passing-to-the-limit-like argument (as \(h\rightarrow 0\)) one derives the necessary optimality conditions for problem (P). Some possible extensions are discussed as well.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aniţa, Ş-L.: Optimal control of stochastic differential equations via Fokker-Planck equations. Appl. Math. Optim. 84, 1555–1583 (2021)
Aniţa, Ş-L.: A stochastic optimal control problem with feedback inputs. Int. J. Control 95, 589–602 (2022)
Aniţa, Ş-L.: Optimal control for stochastic differential equations and related Kolmogorov equations. Evol. Equ. Control Theory 12, 118–137 (2023)
Aniţa, Ş.-L.: Controlling a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation via inputs with nonlocal action. arXiv:2207.10126 [math.OC] (2022)
Aniţa, Ş-L.: Controlling a generalized Fokker-Planck equation via inputs with nonlocal action. Nonlinear Anal. 241, 113476 (2024)
Annunziato, M., Borzi, A.: A Fokker-Planck control framework for multidimensional stochastic processes. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 237, 487–507 (2013)
Annunziato, M., Borzi, A.: A Fokker-Planck control framework for stochastic systems. EMS Surv. Math. Sci. 5, 65–98 (2018)
Annunziato, M., Borzi, A.: A Fokker-Planck approach to the reconstruction of a cell membrane potential. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 43(3), B623–B649 (2021)
Barbu, V.: Analysis and Control of Nonlinear Infinite Dimensional Systems. Academic Press, Boston (1993)
Barbu, V.: Nonlinear Differential Equations of Monotone Type in Banach Spaces. Springer, Berlin (2010)
Barbu, V.: Optimal feedback controllers for a stochastic differential equation with reflection. SIAM J. Control Optim. 58(2), 986–997 (2020)
Barbu, V.: Existence of optimal control for nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations in \(L^1(\mathbb{R} ^d)\). SIAM J. Control Optim. 61(3), 1213–1230 (2023)
Barbu, V., Benazzoli, C., Di Persio, L.: Feedback optimal controllers for the Heston model. Appl. Math. Optim. 81, 739–756 (2020)
Barbu, V., Bonaccorsi, S., Tubaro, L.: Stochastic differential equations with variable structure driven by multiplicative Gaussian noise and sliding mode dynamics. Math. Control Signals Syst. 28, 26 (2016)
Barbu, V., Röckner, M.: From nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations to solutions of distribution dependent SDE. Ann. Probab. 48, 1902–1920 (2020)
Barbu, V., Röckner, M.: Uniqueness for nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations and weak uniqueness for McKean-Vlasov SDEs. Stoch. PDE: Anal. Comput. 9, 702–713 (2021)
Barbu, V., Röckner, M.: Solutions for nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations with measures as initial data and McKean-Vlasov equations. J. Funct. Anal. 280(7), 108926 (2021)
Barbu, V., Röckner, M.: Uniqueness for nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations and for McKean-Vlasov SDEs: the degenerate case. J. Funct. Anal. 285(4), 109980 (2023)
Barbu, V., Röckner, M., Zhang, D.: Optimal control of nonlinear stochastic differential equations on Hilbert spaces. SIAM J. Control Optim. 58(4), 2383–2410 (2020)
Bertozzi, A.L., Slepcev, D.: Existence and uniqueness of solutions to an aggregation equation with degenerate diffusion. Comm. Pure Appl. Anal. 9(6), 1617–1637 (2010)
Burger, M., Di Francesco, M., Dolak-Struss, Y.: The Keller-Segel model for chemotaxis with prevention of overcrowding: linear vs. nonlinear diffusion. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 38, 1288–1315 (2006)
Burger, M., Pietschmann, J.-F., Wolfram, M.-T.: Identification of nonlinearities in transport-diffusion models of crowded motion. Inverse Probl. Imaging 7(4), 1157–1182 (2013)
Capasso, V., Bakstein, D.: An Introduction to Continuous-Time Stochastic Processes. Theory, Models, and Applications to Finance, Biology, and Medicine, 4th edn. Birkhäuser, Cham (2021)
Capasso, V., Morale, D.: Asymptotic behavior of a system of stochastic particles subject to nonlocal interactions. Stoch. Anal. Appl. 27(3), 574–603 (2009)
Carillo, J.A., Craig, K., Yao, Y.: Aggregation-diffusion equations: dynamics, asymptotics and singular limits. arXiv: 1810.03634v1 [math.AP] (2018)
Di Persio, L., Kuchling, P.: Optimal control of McKean-Vlasov equations with controlled stochasticity. arXiv:2305.09379v1 [math.OC] (2023)
Figalli, A.: Existence and uniqueness of martingale solutions for SDEs with rough or degenerate coefficients. J. Funct. Anal. 254, 109–153 (2008)
Fleig, A., Gugliemi, R.: Optimal control of the Fokker-Planck equation with space-dependent controls. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 174(2), 408–427 (2017)
Fleming, W.H., Rishel, R.W.: Deterministic and Stochastic Optimal Control. Springer-Verlag, New York (1975)
Hillen, T., Painter, K.J.: A user’s guide to PDE models for chemotaxis. J. Math. Biol. 58, 183–217 (2009)
Huang, X., Ren, P., Wang, F.-Y.: Distribution dependent stochastic differential equations. Front. Math. China 16, 257–301 (2021)
Keller, E.F., Segel, L.A.: Model for chemotaxis. J. Theor. Biol. 30, 225–234 (1971)
Marinoschi, G.: A semigroup approach to a reaction-diffusion system with cross-diffusion. Nonlinear Anal. 230, 113222 (2023)
Øksendal, B.: Stochastic Differential Equations. An Introduction with Applications, 5th edn. Springer, Berlin (1998)
Painter, K.: Mathematical models for chemotaxis and their applications in self-organisation phenomena. J. Theor. Biol. 21(481), 162–182 (2019)
Trevisan, D.: Well-posedness of multidimensional diffusion processes with weakly differentiable coefficients. Electron. J. Probab. 21, 1–41 (2016)
Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank the reviewers for their comments and suggestions.
Funding
The author declares that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
This present manuscript is the original contribution of the author.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Aniţa, ŞL. Controlling a Nonlinear Fokker–Planck Equation via Inputs with Nonlocal Action. Appl Math Optim 89, 68 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00245-024-10135-4
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00245-024-10135-4
Keywords
- Stochastic/deterministic optimal control problem
- Nonlinear Fokker–Planck equation
- m-accretive operator
- Existence of an optimal control
- Necessary optimality conditions
- McKean–Vlasov SDE