Abstract
The current study was aimed at studying the long-term effects of diclofenac on the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi, concerning survival, somatic growth, and reproduction. In this study, both ovigerous females and males of this species were exposed for 63 d to 0 (control), 0.1, or 1 mg/L of diclofenac. At the highest concentration, significant mortality was detected, and the somatic growth of females was significantly decreased. The percentage of females with a second spawn, observable from day 45, significantly increased at 1 mg/L, while the time between spawns was significantly reduced at both concentrations assayed. However, the gonadal analysis made at the end of the assay in the surviving females showed a significantly lower proportion of advanced oocytes in females exposed to 1 mg/L, as compared to control. Concerning hatching, the percentage of ovigerous females that could have successful hatching was reduced at 1 mg/L of diclofenac, especially for the first spawn. For the second spawn, the low number of juveniles hatched from females exposed to 1 mg/L also showed a significantly higher incidence of morphological abnormalities, such as hydropsy and underdeveloped appendages. Taken together, these results showed that even when diclofenac was able to produce earlier spawns, the reproductive output of each spawn was reduced.
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Data availability
The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The present study was part of the postgraduate scholarship to Marina Zanitti (CONICET, Argentina) and Ph.D. Thesis (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina). This Project was supported by grants from CONICET (PUE 229 201801-00006CO; PIPs 2021-2023, codes 11220200100605CO and 11220200100362CO), Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2016-0759, and PICT2020- SERIEA-036 69), Universidad de Buenos Aires (codes 20020170100021BA and 20020190100014BA) and Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (CYTED; ref. 419RT0578-RIESCOS).
Funding
This study was supported by grants from CONICET (PUE 229 201801-00006CO; PIPs 2021–2023, codes 11220200100605CO and 11220200100362CO), Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2016–0759, and PICT2020- SERIEA-036 69), Universidad de Buenos Aires (codes 20020170100021BA and 20020190100014BA) and Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (CYTED; ref. 419RT0578-RIESCOS).
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LSLG and EMR contributed equally to supervision and experimental design. Conducting of experiments, data collection, and statistical analysis were performed by MZ; LSLG also aided in the characterization and management of biological material. DAM helped with technical issues throughout the experiments. The first draft of the manuscript was written by EMR; comments from all authors were incorporated to achieve the final version.
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Zanitti, M., Medesani, D.A., Rodríguez, E.M. et al. Long-Term Exposure of the Red Cherry Shrimp Neocaridina davidi to Diclofenac: Impact on Survival, Growth, and Reproductive Potential. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 85, 181–190 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-023-01027-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-023-01027-9