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Impaired reproduction and individual growth of the water flea Daphnia magna as consequence of exposure to the non-ester pyrethroid etofenprox

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Abstract

The effect of the pesticide etofenprox (0.76, 0.95, 1.18, 1.48, and 1.85 μg L−1) on survival, reproduction, and growth of Daphnia magna organisms was monitored using 21-day exposure tests. In order to test pesticide effects on D. magna, survival, length, mean total neonates per female, mean brood size, time to first reproduction, mean number broods per female, cumulative molting, and the population parameter intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) were used. Reproduction was seriously affected by etofenprox. Concentrations of etofenprox higher than 1.18 μg L−1affected all the reproductive parameters analyzed as well as individual length. However, daphnids’ survival after 21 days of pesticide exposure did not exhibited differences among experimental and control groups. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC), the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC), and the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) were calculated for the different parameters. A MATC estimation of 1.32 μg L−1 was calculated for mean brood size, mean number of broods per female, mean number of neonates per female, and the intrinsic rate of growth population. Etofenprox effect on the algae Nannochloris oculata was also evaluated. The selected etofenprox concentrations did not affect algal growth rate (μ) after 24 h; however, N. oculata exposed during 48 and 72 h to the highest etofenprox concentration showed a decreased in its population rate.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Agrarian Laboratory of Generalitat Valenciana for their help in the analysis of etofenprox concentrations in water samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Encarna Sancho, Sandra Banegas, María José Villarroel & Dolores Ferrando

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  1. Encarna Sancho
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  2. Sandra Banegas
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  3. María José Villarroel
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  4. Dolores Ferrando
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Correspondence to Dolores Ferrando.

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Sancho, E., Banegas, S., Villarroel, M.J. et al. Impaired reproduction and individual growth of the water flea Daphnia magna as consequence of exposure to the non-ester pyrethroid etofenprox. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 6209–6217 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0952-8

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