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Experimental investigation of benzoic acid diffusion coefficient in γ-Al2O3 nanofluids at different temperatures

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Abstract

An experimental study was performed to measure benzoic acid diffusion coefficient in water-based γ-Al2O3 nanofluids at different temperatures. Measurements were carried out at 15, 20 and 25 °C. γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 10–20 nm were added into de-ionized water as the based fluid. Nanoparticles volume fractions used in the based fluid were 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 %. Measurements showed that the diffusion coefficients was not changed with nanoparticles concentration and no enhancement was found. Dependence of diffusion coefficients on nanoparticles concentration followed the same trend in all temperatures investigated in this work. Nano stirring and nano-obstacles could be regarded as two reasons for mass diffusivity changes in nanofluids.

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Abbreviations

C:

Concentration (mol m−3)

D:

Molecular diffusion coefficient (m2 s−1)

m:

Mass (g)

M:

Result which is function of independent variables

Mw:

Molecular weight (g mol−1)

q:

Rate of mass transfer (mol s−1)

r:

Radial coordinate; test section radius (m)

R:

Radius of benzoic acid sphere (m)

t:

Time

∆t:

Time of diffusion (s)

T:

Temperature (K)

V:

Volume of working fluid (m3)

wi :

Uncertainty in the ith independent variable

wM :

Uncertainty in the result

xi :

Independent variable

ρ p :

Nanoparticles density (g cm−3)

Φ:

Volume fraction of nanoparticles (%)

\(\bar{\Phi}\) :

Dimensionless volume fraction of nanoparticles

A:

Benzoic acid

bulk:

Bulk

f:

Final time of diffusion process

o:

Start time of diffusion process; based fluid

s:

Saturated concentration

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. M. Nasr Esfahany for his constructive comments on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Advanced Technology, 94771-67335, Quchan, Iran

    Manouchehr Manouchehrian Fard & Hossein Beiki

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  1. Manouchehr Manouchehrian Fard
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  2. Hossein Beiki
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Correspondence to Hossein Beiki.

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Manouchehrian Fard, M., Beiki, H. Experimental investigation of benzoic acid diffusion coefficient in γ-Al2O3 nanofluids at different temperatures. Heat Mass Transfer 52, 2203–2211 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1734-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1734-9

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