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Exergetic simulation of a combined infrared-convective drying process

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Abstract

Optimal design and performance of a combined infrared-convective drying system with respect to the energy issue is extremely put through the application of advanced engineering analyses. This article proposes a theoretical approach for exergy analysis of the combined infrared-convective drying process using a simple heat and mass transfer model. The applicability of the developed model to actual drying processes was proved using an illustrative example for a typical food.

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Abbreviations

A:

Surface area (m2)

C :

Specific heat of product (kJ/kg K)

\(D_{eff}\) :

Effective moisture diffusivity of water (m2/s)

E :

Energy rate (kJ/s)

ex :

Specific exergy (kJ/kg)

\(\dot{E}x\) :

Exergy rate (kJ/s)

F :

Shape factor (–)

\(\overline{h}_{m}\) :

Mass transfer coefficient (m/s)

\(\overline{h}_{T}\) :

Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2 K)

IR :

Infrared radiation energy (kJ/s)

J :

Junction

k :

Thermal conductivity of air (kW/m K)

D :

Diameter (m)

m :

Mass (kg)

M :

Moisture concentration (kg water/m3)

MC :

Moisture content (kg water/kg dry matter)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

P :

Air pressure (kPa)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer rate (kJ/s)

R :

Constant (kJ/kg K)

t :

Drying time (s)

T :

Temperature (K or °C)

U :

Overall heat transfer coefficient (kW/m2 K)

v :

Air velocity (m/s)

V :

Volume (m3)

X :

Mass fraction (–)

Le :

Lewis number

Nu :

Nusselt number

Pr :

Prandtl number

Re :

Reynolds number

∆t :

Simulation time step (s)

α :

Thermal diffusivity (m2/s)

β :

Energy quality factor (–)

ε :

Emissivity factor (–)

λ :

Latent heat of water vaporization (kJ/kg)

μ :

Dynamic viscosity of air (Pa s)

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

σ :

Stephan–Boltzman constant (W/m2 K4)

υ :

Kinematic viscosity (m2/s)

ϕ :

Hydraulic diameter (m)

ψ :

Exergy efficiency (–)

ω :

Humidity ratio of air (kg water/kg dry air)

0:

Dead state

1:

Wet product

2:

Inlet air

3:

Dried product

4:

Outlet air

a :

Air

abs :

Absorbed

amb :

Ambient

ash :

Ash

carbo :

Carbohydrate

d :

Dry matter

DC :

Drying chamber

des :

Destruction

emit :

Emitted

ev :

Evaporation

ex :

Exergy

eq :

Equivalent

fat :

Fat

fiber :

Fiber

i :

Component

IR :

Infrared source

l :

Loss

M :

Material

o :

Initial state

pro :

Protein

rad :

Radiated

ref :

Reflected

t :

Drying time

tran :

Transmitted

v :

Vapor

w :

Water

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Acknowledgments

The author would like to extend their appreciations for financial support provided by the University of Tehran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box, 4111, Karaj, Iran

    Mortaza Aghbashlo

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Correspondence to Mortaza Aghbashlo.

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Aghbashlo, M. Exergetic simulation of a combined infrared-convective drying process. Heat Mass Transfer 52, 829–844 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1594-3

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