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Clinical utility of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a descriptive summary of current efficacy trials

  • Review Article
  • Published:
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To review efficacy and safety data of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors used in treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

A search of MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a service of the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health as well as of the original publications of individual trials with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors was carried out.

Results

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are orally administered medications indicated for improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. They inhibit activity of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 responsible for inactivating nutrient-released incretin hormones (mainly glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide). As a result, the effect of the incretin hormones is enhanced, leading to improved β-cell function and inhibition of the glucagon secretion from the pancreatic islets. Patients can expect to see lowering of fasting and postprandial glucose levels (by 0.5–1 mmol/l and 2–3 mmol/l, respectively), leading to reduction of hemoglobin A1c by 0.5–0.9% (depending on the baseline hemoglobin A1c).

Conclusion

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are generally well tolerated, with minimal risks of hypoglycemia or weight gain. Many postmarketing and surveillance studies are now conducted which focus on long-term safety and cardiovascular outcomes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grunberger Diabetes Institute, 43494 Woodward Avenue, suite 208, Bloomfield Hills, MI, 48302, USA

    George Grunberger

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA

    George Grunberger

  3. Department of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA

    George Grunberger

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  1. George Grunberger
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Correspondence to George Grunberger.

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Grunberger, G. Clinical utility of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a descriptive summary of current efficacy trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 70, 1277–1289 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-014-1727-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-014-1727-5

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