Abstract
The diet of widely distributed species is influenced by the availability of food resources, which can vary according to local conditions. Thus, heterogeneity in diet patterns can help understand population structure and illustrate biogeographic boundaries. In this study, published and unpublished datasets of regurgitated material and stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) from whole blood of brown boobies (Sula leucogaster) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (27°51′S to 0°55′N) were used to assess dietary spatial patterns. The variations in prey composition and isotopic niche breadth were associated with colony location (coastal/oceanic), genetic population structure, and marine biogeographic zonings—Large Marine Ecosystems, Longhurst’s Biogeochemical Provinces, and Spalding’s Provinces and Ecoregions. Boobies from coastal and southern colonies showed higher diversity in their diet compared with boobies from oceanic and northern colonies, given the presence of demersal taxa associated with bottom trawling discards. The variation in prey composition from regurgitates and stable isotopes was well framed with genetic structure and biogeographic boundaries, although less fitting with Spalding’s zoning. The brown booby showed trophic plasticity throughout the study area, suggesting that their diet is shaped by food resources available around the colonies, including those from fishery discards. These results demonstrate that highly mobile vertebrates are potentially useful samplers of the marine environment, able to indicate the diversity of prey organisms available in the foraging area through diet, and support biogeographic zonings. Furthermore, diet composition associated with population structure sheds light on local adaptation as a potential mechanism for promoting/disrupting gene flow in seabirds.
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Data availability
All data and the R script are publicly available through the GitHub repository: https://github.com/SeabirdEcologyUFRGS/DietBiogeography
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to many researchers who studied the diet of brown boobies during the last 30 years in the Atlantic Ocean. We also thank E.E.M. Valim, T.P.X. Nascimento, L.R.M. Porto, G.P. Bighetti, F.P. Marques, C. Campolina, C. Barbraud, and K. Delord for their support in fieldwork. F.L. Rodrigues provided important contribution in prey identification and classification. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for the comments and suggestions that contribute to improving the manuscript.
Funding
The unpublished datasets were obtained with funding from the IRD Young Associated Team Program (JEAI TABASCO), the IRD mixed international laboratory program (LMI TAPIOCA), CPER Celimer (France), Fundação Boticário (Brazil), the TRIATLAS project (European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, Grant No. 817578), the PADDLE project (European Union’s Horizon 2020 RISE program (Grant No. 734271), and the “Projeto Costões Rochosos”, which is an environmental offset measure established through a Consent Decree/Conduct Adjustment Agreement between Petrorio and the Brazilian Ministry for the Environment, with the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund (FUNBIO) as an implementer. PLM received a PNPD scholarship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES) Finance Code 001. LB had been funded by National Research Council (CNPq; Grant No. 405497/2012-1) and is a fellowship from CNPq (No. 311409/2018-0). GTN is funded by CNPq (Grant No 443328/2019-6).
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GTN and JJ conceptualized the idea and designed the study. GTN, PLM, SLB and LB collected and shared data. GTN and JJ analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript and PLM, SLB, MAE, and LB contributed critically to the final revision.
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The sampling of the unpublished datasets was approved by SISBIO 64234-6 and by the ethics committee at UFRGS.
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Jacoby, J., Luciano Mancini, P., Bertrand, S.L. et al. Biogeographic variation on dietary aspects of a widely distributed seabird. Mar Biol 170, 21 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04171-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04171-3