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Differences in Vertebral Morphology and bone Mineral Density between Grade 1 Vertebral Fracture and Non-Fractured Participants in the Chinese Population

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Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the difference in vertebral morphology and bone mineral density (BMD) between grade 1 VFs and non-fractured participants in the Chinese population to shed light on the clinical significance of grade 1 VFs from various perspectives. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who received a chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scan for health examination and visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China, from October 2019 to August 2022. Data were analyzed from March 2023 to July 2023. The main outcome of this study was the difference in morphological parameters and BMD between grade 1 VFs and non-fractured participants. The prevalence of grade 1 VFs in China populations was calculated. The difference in BMD of three fracture types in the Grade 1 group was also evaluated. Results: A total of 3652 participants (1799 males, 54.85 ± 9.02 years, range, 40-92 years; 1853 females, 56.00 ± 9.08 years, range, 40-93 years) were included. The prevalence of grade 2 and 3 increase with age. The prevalence of grade 1 VFs gradually increases ≤ 50y to 60-69y group, but there is a decrease in the ≥ 70 years male group (6.6%) and a rise in the female group (25.5%). There was no significant statistical difference observed in vertebral shape indices (VSI) and BMD between the Grade 1 group and the no-fractured group aged < 50 years old except the wedge index in male. The biconcavity index did not differ between the non-fractured group and the Grade 1 group in men aged 50-59 years, whereas a significant statistical difference was observed in women. Additionally, the results of BMD were consistent with these findings. For the 40-59 years age group, there were significant differences between the compression deformity group and the other groups. Conclusions:The grade 1 group had higher VSI and lower BMD than the non-fractured group, suggesting an association between the Grade 1 group and osteoporosis in individuals aged over 50 for women and over 60 for men. Different fracture types have significant variations in BMD among middle-aged people. The prevalence of grade 1 VFs exhibits an age-related increase in both genders, with opposite trends observed between older males and females. We suggested VSI can aid physicians in the diagnosis of grade 1 VFs.

Mini Abstract

Is there a difference in vertebral morphology and BMD between grade 1 VFs and non-fractured participants? The findings suggest vertebral morphology can aid physicians in the diagnosis of grade 1 VFs, thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy and improving patient outcomes. Different fracture types have significant variations in BMD among middle-aged people.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This study was supported by the Introduction Plan of High-end Foreign Experts in Henan Province Program (Grant. HNGD2022032) from the Science and Technology Department of Henan Province.

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  1. Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China

    Duoshan Ma, Yan Wang, Xinxin Zhang, Danyang Su & Jianbo Gao

  2. Medical 3D Printing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China

    Chunyu Wang, Huilong Liu, Xiaopeng Yang & Yan Wu

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Yan Wu and Duoshan Ma had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Concept and design: Duoshan Ma, Yan Wu. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Duoshan Ma, Yan Wang, Xinxin Zhang, Danyang Su, Chunyu Wang. Drafting of the manuscript: Duoshan Ma. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Yan Wu, Xiaopeng Yang, Huilong Liu. Statistical analysis: Duoshan Ma, Yan Wu. Obtained funding: Yan Wu. Administrative, technical, or material support: Jianbo Gao, Yan Wu. Supervision: Yan Wu.

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Correspondence to Yan Wu.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the research ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Approval no. 2022-KY-0961-002).

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Duoshan Ma, Yan Wang, Xinxin Zhang, Danyang Su, Chunyu Wang, Huilong Liu, Xiaopeng Yang, Jianbo Gao, Yan Wu declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Ma, D., Wang, Y., Zhang, X. et al. Differences in Vertebral Morphology and bone Mineral Density between Grade 1 Vertebral Fracture and Non-Fractured Participants in the Chinese Population. Calcif Tissue Int 114, 397–408 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-024-01185-5

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