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State of the art and future research directions of materials science applied to electrochemical biosensor developments

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Abstract

Centralized laboratories in which analytical processes are automated to enable the analysis of large numbers of samples at relatively low cost are used for analytical testing throughout the world. However, healthcare is changing, partly due to the general recognition that care needs to be more patient-centered and putting the patient at the center of action. One way to achieve this goal is to consider point-of-care testing (PoC) devices as alternative analytical concepts. This requires miniaturization of current analytical concepts and the use of cost-effective diagnostic tools with appropriate sensitivity and specificity. Electrochemical sensors are ideally adapted as they provide robust, low-cost, and miniaturized solutions for the detection of variable analytes, yet lack the high sensitivity comparable to more classical diagnosis approaches. Advances in nanotechnology have opened up a plethora of different nanomaterials to be applied as electrode and/or sensing materials in electrochemical biosensors. The choice of materials significantly influences the sensor’s sensitivity, selectivity, and overall performance. A critical review of the state of the art with respect to the development of the utilized materials (between 2019 and 2023) and where the field is heading to are the focus of this article.

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Abbreviations

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

cTnI:

Cardiac troponin I

CV:

Cyclic voltammetry

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DPV:

Differential pulse voltammetry

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

GCE:

Glassy carbon electrode

GQD:

Graphene quantum dot

LDG:

Laser-derived graphene

LOD:

Limit of detection

LSG:

Laser-scribed graphene

MOF:

Metal-organic framework

MWCNT:

Multiwalled carbon nanotube

NP:

Nanoparticle

NW:

Nanowire

PEC:

Photoelectrochemical

PLD:

Pulsed laser deposition

PoC:

Point-of-care

QD:

Quantum dot

R&D:

Research and development

rGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

TMD:

Transition metal dichalcogenide

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Author notes

  1. Erich Kny and Roger Hasler contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500, Krems, Austria

    Erich Kny, Roger Hasler, Wiktor Luczak, Wolfgang Knoll, Sabine Szunerits & Christoph Kleber

  2. Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France

    Sabine Szunerits

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  1. Erich Kny
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Sabine Szunerits is an editor of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry but was not involved in the peer review of this paper. The other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

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Published in the topical collection Advances in (Bio-)Analytical Chemistry: Reviews and Trends Collection 2024.

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Kny, E., Hasler, R., Luczak, W. et al. State of the art and future research directions of materials science applied to electrochemical biosensor developments. Anal Bioanal Chem 416, 2247–2259 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-05054-2

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