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Phosphorus-doped deep eutectic solvent-derived carbon dots-modified silica as a mixed-mode stationary phase for reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography

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Abstract

In this work, phosphorus-doped carbon dots (P-DESCDs) were successfully prepared using choline chloride/lactic acid type deep eutectic solvent and phosphoric acid as ingredients, and (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane was used as a bridge to graft P-DESCDs onto the silica surface to obtain a new mixed-mode stationary phase (Sil-P-DESCDs) for reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. The successful preparation of the stationary phase was confirmed by laser scanning confocal microscopy, elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Interestingly, the doping of phosphorus greatly improved the separation performance and hydrophilicity of the Sil-P-DESCDs column. The Sil-P-DESCDs column was found to have certain hydrophobicity, hydrogen bonding ability and shape selectivity by Tanaka and Engelhardt standard test mixtures, and a series of hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds such as alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfonamides, aromatic amines, phenols, flavonoids, nucleoside bases, and alkaloids. In addition, the effects of mobile phase ratio, column temperature, flow rate, salt concentration, and pH on the retention of analytes on Sil-P-DESCDs columns were investigated. Finally, the Sil-P-DESCDs column was applied to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of calcein-7-glucoside in the real sample of medicinal Astragalus pellets, and it was found at a concentration of 0.02 mg/mL.

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Funding

This work was supported by Longyuan Youth Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent (Team) Project (E20492SC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22074154), Lanzhou talent innovation and Entrepreneurship Project (No. 2021-RC-35), Science and Technology Project of Science and Technology Bureau of Chengguan District in Lanzhou (No. 2020JSCX0033), and Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No. 2021420).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Gafang Fu, Chenxi Gao, Kaijun Quan, Hui Li, Hongdeng Qiu & Jia Chen

  2. Laboratory On Pollution Monitoring and Control, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China

    Gafang Fu & Hongdeng Qiu

  3. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China

    Hongdeng Qiu

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  1. Gafang Fu
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Published in the topical collection Young Investigators in (Bio-)Analytical Chemistry 2023 with guest editors Zhi-Yuan Gu, Beatriz Jurado-Sánchez, Thomas H. Linz, Leandro Wang Hantao, Nongnoot Wongkaew, and Peng Wu.

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Fu, G., Gao, C., Quan, K. et al. Phosphorus-doped deep eutectic solvent-derived carbon dots-modified silica as a mixed-mode stationary phase for reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 415, 4255–4264 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-04405-9

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