Skip to main content
Log in

A self-designed versatile and portable sensing device based on smart phone for colorimetric detection

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A UV-vis spectrometer, as a sort of important analytical instrument, has been widely used to analyze various substances. However, expensive equipment and skilled operators are required, which limits its broad applications for out-of-lab and daily measurements. In this work, a self-designed sensing device based on smart phone was developed as a sensitive, cost-effective, facile, and portable testing tool. The sensing device fabricated by 3D printing was used to lodge a sample solution and produce a light signal, and the optical sensor on a smart phone worked as a transducer. The light source in the device generated wide-wavelength radiation, which passed through an inner filter and only light of a designated wavelength reached the testing solution. The intensity of transmitted light was then measured by an optical sensor internally installed in most smart phones, where the signals were processed as well. The feasibility of our device was verified by detecting four kinds of common heavy metal ions in actual water samples, and the testing results showed good agreement with those obtained from the UV-vis spectrometer. This work is expected to shed some light on the construction of smart phone–based sensors, featuring decent portability, simple operation, low cost, high sensitivity, and good accuracy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Li S, Zhang C, Wang S, Liu Q, Feng H, Ma X, et al. Electrochemical microfluidics techniques for heavy metal ion detection. Analyst. 2018;143:4230–46.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Borah SBD, Bora T, Baruah S, Dutta J. Heavy metal ion sensing in water using surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanostructures. Groundw Sustain Dev. 2015;1:1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Du Y, Liu R, Liu B, Wang S, Han MY, Zhang Z. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering chip for femtomolar detection of mercuric ion (ii) by ligand exchange. Anal Chem. 2013;85:3160–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Neupane LN, Oh ET, Park HJ, Lee KH. Selective and sensitive detection of heavy metal ions in 100% aqueous solution and cells with a fluorescence chemosensor based on peptide using aggregation-induced emission. Anal Chem. 2016;88:3333–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ma Y, Shen X-F, Liu F, Pan Y-H. Colorimetric detection toward halide ions by a silver nanocluster hydrogel. Talanta. 2020;211:120717.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhao Y, Yang J, Shan G, Liu Z, Cui A, Wang A, et al. Photothermal-enhanced tandem enzyme-like activity of Ag2-xCuxS nanoparticles for one-step colorimetric glucose detection in unprocessed human urine. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 2020;305:127420.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Li B, Qin L, Zhou J, Cai X, Lai G, Yu A. Hybridization chain reaction-enhanced enzyme biomineralization for ultrasensitive colorimetric biosensing of a protein biomarker. Analyst. 2019;144:5003–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Li S, Zhao X, Yu X, Wan Y, Yin M, Zhang W, et al. Fe3O4 nanozymes with aptamer-tuned catalysis for selective colorimetric analysis of ATP in blood. Anal Chem. 2019;91:14737–42.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Sun P, Hai J, Sun S, Lu S, Liu S, Liu H, et al. Aqueous stable Pd nanoparticles/covalent organic framework nanocomposite: an efficient nanoenzyme for colorimetric detection and multicolor imaging of cancer cells. Nanoscale. 2020;12:825–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Shu X, Chen Y, Yuan C, Wang Y. Ag+-3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine as a probe for colorimetric detection of ascorbic acid in beverages. New J Chem. 2020;44:1772–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cui X, Ren L, Shan Y, Wang X, Yang Z, Li C, et al. Smartphone-based rapid quantification of viable bacteria by single-cell microdroplet turbidity imaging. Analyst. 2018;143:3309–16.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Menezes J, Gusmão C. Development of a mobile system decision-support for medical diagnosis of asthma in primary healthcare - inteliMED. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2015;216:959.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Johnston FH, Wheeler AJ, Williamson GJ, Campbell SL, Jones PJ, Koolhof IS, et al. Using smartphone technology to reduce health impacts from atmospheric environmental hazards. Environ Res Lett. 2018;13:044019.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Knowlton S, Joshi A, Syrrist P, Coskun AF, Tasoglu S. 3d-printed smartphone-based point of care tool for fluorescence- and magnetophoresis-based cytometry. Lab Chip. 2017;17:2839–51.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Sharma J, Ono T, Yukino R, Miyashita H, Hanyu N, Handa H, et al. A comparison of cryogel scaffolds to identify an appropriate structure for promoting bone regeneration. Biomed Phys Eng Express. 2019;5:035014.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Martin H, Bernardos A, Iglesias J, Casar J. Activity logging using lightweight classification techniques in mobile devices. Pers Ubiquit Comput. 2013;17:675–95.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wang L-J, Chang Y-C, Sun R, Li L. A multichannel smartphone optical biosensor for high-throughput point-of-care diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron. 2017;87:686–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Jin B, Yang Y, He R, Park YI, Lee A, Bai D, et al. Lateral flow aptamer assay integrated smartphone-based portable device for simultaneous detection of multiple targets using upconversion nanoparticles. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 2018;276:48–56.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang D, Liu Q. Biosensors and bioelectronics on smartphone for portable biochemical detection. Biosens Bioelectron. 2016;75:273–84.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Dutta S, Saikia GP, Sarma DJ, Gupta K, Nath P. Protein, enzyme and carbohydrate quantification using smartphone through colorimetric digitization technique. J Biophotonics. 2016;10:623–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Jiang J, Wang X, Chao R, Ren Y, Hu C, Xu Z, et al. Smartphone based portable bacteria pre-concentrating microfluidic sensor and impedance sensing system. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 2014;193:653–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Sajed S, Vafaei K, Arefi F, Fathollahzadeh M, Kolahdouz M, Sadeghi MA, et al. Instant sensitive measurement of hg concentration using lab-on-a-phone colorimetry. Phys Status Solidi A. 2019;216:1800871.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Barbosa AI, Gehlot P, Sidapra K, Edwards AD, Reis NM. Portable smartphone quantitation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in a fluoropolymer microfluidic device. Biosens Bioelectron. 2015;70:5–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Fu Q, Wu Z, Li X, Yao C, Yu S, Xiao W, et al. Novel versatile smart phone based microplate readers for on-site diagnoses. Biosens Bioelectron. 2016;81:524–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Wang H-Y, Wang K. The determination of mercury in water with diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometry. Guangzhou Chem Ind. 2013;41:92–3.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Das S, Samanta A, Gangopadhyay G, Jana S. Clay-based nanocomposites as recyclable adsorbent toward Hg (II) capture: experimental and theoretical understanding. ACS Omega. 2018;3:6283–92.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Ge J, Zhang C, Sun YC, Zhang Q, Lv MW, Guo K, et al. Cadmium exposure triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in chicken (Gallus gallus) kidney via mitochondrial UPR inhibition and Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense activation. Sci Total Environ. 2019;689:1160–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Awual M-R, Islam A, Hasan M-M, Rahman M-M, Asiri A-M, Khaleque M-A, et al. Introducing an alternate conjugated material for enhanced lead(II) capturing from wastewater. J Clean Prod. 2019;224:920–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Fetter N, Blichert-Toft J, Ludden J, Lepland A, Borque J-S, Greenhalgh E, et al. Lead isotopes as tracers of crude oil migration within deep crustal fluid systems. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 2019;525:115747.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Li J, Guo Z, Deng C, Gu Y, Xie M, Xiong R, et al. Lead air battery: prototype design and mathematical modelling. J Energy Storage. 2019;26:100832.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Wang Y, Li J, Tian Y. Effect of the Sn-Ag addition on the internal stress change and electrochemical properties of lead-based anodes. Electrochim Acta. 2018;275:200–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Li M, Jiang X-J, Wu H-H, Lu H-L, Li H-Y, Xu H, et al. A novel hydrazide-based selective and sensitive optical chemosensor for the detection of Ni2+ ions: applications in live cell imaging, molecular logic gates and smart phone-based analysis. Dalton Trans. 2015;44:17326–34.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Noh K-C, Nam Y-S, Lee H-J, Lee K-B. A colorimetric probe to determine Pb2+ using functionalized silver nanoparticles. Analyst. 2015;140:8209–16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Li H, Malyar R-M, Zhai N, Wang H, Liu K, Liu D, et al. Zinc supplementation alleviates OTA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in MDCK cells by up-regulating metallothioneins. Life Sci. 2019;234:116735.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Tanaka K-I, Shimoda M, Kasai M, Ikeda M, Ishima Y, Kawahara M. Involvement of SAPK/JNK signaling pathway in copper enhanced zinc-induced neuronal cell death. Toxical Sci. 2019;169:293–302.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Wojtunik-Kulesza K, Oniszczuk A, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. An attempt to elucidate the role of iron and zinc ions in development of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Biomen Pharmacot. 2019;111:1277–89.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The work financially supported by Innovation and entrepreneurship project for overseas high-level talents of Shenzhen (KQJSCX20180328165437711), KQTD20170810105439418, Innovative team and talent training project of Shihezi (2018TD02), Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2018JJ3523), Project on the key technique improvement of Xinjiang Licorice planting and quality control of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps (2018AB012), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (81773680, 81973280).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Huanhuan Feng or Jiao Yang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

ESM 1

(PDF 1894 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, B., Wang, J., Tu, H. et al. A self-designed versatile and portable sensing device based on smart phone for colorimetric detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 533–541 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-03024-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-03024-6

Keywords

Navigation