Abstract
A smartphone application, called CAnal, was developed as a colorimetric analyzer in paper-based devices for sensitive and selective determination of mercury(II) in water samples. Measurement on the double layer of a microfluidic paperbased analytical device (μPAD) fabricated by alkyl ketene dimer (AKD)-inkjet printing technique with special design doped with unmodified silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto the detection zones was performed by monitoring the gray intensity in the blue channel of AgNPs, which disintegrated when exposed to mercury(II) on μPAD. Under the optimized conditions, the developed approach showed high sensitivity, low limit of detection (0.003 mg L−1, 3SD blank/slope of the calibration curve), small sample volume uptake (two times of 2 μL), and short analysis time. The linearity range of this technique ranged from 0.01 to 10 mg L−1 (r2 = 0.993). Furthermore, practical analysis of various water samples was also demonstrated to have acceptable performance that was in agreement with the data from cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CV-AAS), a conventional method. The proposed technique allows for a rapid, simple (instant report of the final mercury(II) concentration in water samples via smartphone display), sensitive, selective, and on-site analysis with high sample throughput (48 samples h−1, n = 3) of trace mercury(II) in water samples, which is suitable for end users who are unskilled in analyzing mercury(II) in water samples.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by research grants from the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT: Grant No. 2557A11702010) and the Thailand Research Fund (TRF: TRG5880007). The authors acknowledge the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH CIC) and the Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Thailand. They thank Miss Yachapa Phatthiyaphutthaphong from Ubon Ratchathani University for method validation of Hg2+ in water samples using CV-AAS and Bob Tremayne of the Office of International Relations, Ubon Ratchathani University, and Dr. Wipark Anutrasakda of the Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, for proofreading the manuscript. The authors are also grateful to the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, for research scholarships and use of facilities.
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Jarujamrus, P., Meelapsom, R., Pencharee, S. et al. Use of a Smartphone as a Colorimetric Analyzer in Paper-based Devices for Sensitive and Selective Determination of Mercury in Water Samples. ANAL. SCI. 34, 75–81 (2018). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.34.75
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.34.75