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Recent advances in nanomaterial-based biosensors for the detection of exosomes

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Abstract

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle actively secreted by almost all eukaryotic cells. They are ideal candidates for reliable next-generation biomarkers in the early diagnosis and therapeutic response evaluation of cancer. Thus, the quantification of exosomes is crucial in facilitating clinical research and application. Compared with traditional materials, nanomaterials have better optical, magnetic, electrical, and catalytic properties due to their small size, high specific surface area, and variable structure. The incorporation of nanomaterials into sensing systems is an attractive approach towards improving sensitivity and can provide improved sensor selectivity and stability. In this paper, we summarize the progress in nanomaterial-based exosome detection methods, including electrochemical biosensors, photoelectrochemical biosensors, colorimetric biosensors, fluorescence biosensors, chemiluminescence biosensors, electrochemiluminescence biosensors, surface plasmon resonance biosensors, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy biosensors. Moreover, future research directions and challenges in exosome detection methods are discussed. We hope that this article will offer an overview of nanomaterial-based exosome detection techniques and open new avenues in disease research.

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Funding

This study was financed by NSFC (21405029, 617310008, 51775154), the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province of China (LGF18H200005, LGF18H180005, LGC20H200001), and the Medical and Health Technology Development Program of Zhejiang province (2020KY727).

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  1. Linan Zhang and Chunchuan Gu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China

    Linan Zhang, Jiajun Wen, Guangxian Liu, Hongying Liu & Lihua Li

  2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China

    Chunchuan Gu

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  1. Linan Zhang
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  2. Chunchuan Gu
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  3. Jiajun Wen
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  4. Guangxian Liu
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  5. Hongying Liu
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  6. Lihua Li
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Correspondence to Hongying Liu or Lihua Li.

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Zhang, L., Gu, C., Wen, J. et al. Recent advances in nanomaterial-based biosensors for the detection of exosomes. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 83–102 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-03000-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-03000-0

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