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SERS-based liquid biopsy of saliva and serum from patients with Sjögren’s syndrome

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Abstract

In this preliminary study, we employed surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of saliva and serum samples for diagnosing Sjogren’s syndrome (SjS), a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dryness of the mouth and eyes. The saliva and serum samples from n = 29 patients with SjS and n = 21 controls were deproteinized with methanol and then the SERS spectra were acquired using silver nanoparticles synthesized by reduction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. In the case of both saliva and serum, the SERS spectra were dominated by similar bands attributed to purine metabolites such as uric acid, xanthine, and hypoxanthine. Principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) models built from SERS spectra of saliva and serum yielded an overall classification accuracy of 94% and 98%, respectively. These results suggest that the SERS analysis of saliva and serum is able to capture the complex biochemical perturbations that accompany the onset of SjS, a strategy which could be translated in the future into a novel point-of-care diagnosis method.

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Acknowledgements

A. Stefancu and S.D. Iancu acknowledge support from the College for Advanced Performance Studies, Babeș-Bolyai University. S.D. Iancu also acknowledges the performance fellowship from the Babeș-Bolyai University contract nr. 35996/28.11.2018. M. Badarinza acknowledges support from Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, contract nr. 1680/7/19.01.2018.

Funding

Financial support from the Competitiveness Operational Programme 2014–2020 (POC-A1-A1.1.4-E-2015), financed under the European Regional Development Fund, project number P_37_765 is highly acknowledged. Also, a grant from the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation, CCCDI-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0112 within PNCDI III is highly acknowledged for financial support.

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Author notes

  1. Andrei Stefancu and Maria Badarinza contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Andrei Stefancu, Vlad Moisoiu, Stefania D. Iancu & Nicolae Leopold

  2. MEDFUTURE Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur 4–6, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Andrei Stefancu & Nicolae Leopold

  3. 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 2–4, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Maria Badarinza, Oana Serban & Daniela Fodor

Authors
  1. Andrei Stefancu
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  2. Maria Badarinza
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  3. Vlad Moisoiu
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  4. Stefania D. Iancu
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  6. Nicolae Leopold
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nicolae Leopold.

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Stefancu, A., Badarinza, M., Moisoiu, V. et al. SERS-based liquid biopsy of saliva and serum from patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Anal Bioanal Chem 411, 5877–5883 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01969-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01969-x

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