Abstract
Ultrasonic-assisted magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography has been developed for extraction and determination of mirtazapine, N-desmethyl mirtazapine, and 8-hydroxy mirtazapine in human urine and water samples. Magnetic graphene oxide–polyaniline nanocomposite (MGOPA) as a novel SPME sorbent was synthesized and used for the microextraction process. The analytical performance of MGOPA was compared with magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite and indicated that the new sorbent was quite effective for extraction of mirtazapine, N-desmethyl mirtazapine, and 8-hydroxy mirtazapine. A two-stage experimental design approach, Plackett-Burman screening design and Box-Behnken optimization design, was used for screening and optimizing of significant variables in the microextraction process. The practical applicability of the proposed method was assessed by studying the linearity, intra-day and inter-day accuracy, enrichment factor, and precision. This method can be satisfactorily applied to the determination of mirtazapine and its metabolites in human urine and environmental water samples.
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Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge support of this research by the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran (no.3/32789 dated 12/21/2014).
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The authors declare no conflict of interest.
The study has been carried out in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
The human urine samples were collected from voluntary donors with their informed consent.
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Ghorbani, M., Chamsaz, M., Rounaghi, G.H. et al. Development of a novel ultrasonic-assisted magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of mirtazapine and its metabolites in human urine and water samples employing experimental design. Anal Bioanal Chem 408, 7719–7729 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9869-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9869-1