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Involvement of NF-κB/NLRP3 axis in the progression of aseptic loosening of total joint arthroplasties: a review of molecular mechanisms

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A Correction to this article was published on 14 April 2022

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Abstract

Particulate wear debris can trigger pro-inflammatory bone resorption and result in aseptic loosening. This complication remains major postoperative discomforts and complications for patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty. Recent studies have indicated that wear debris-induced aseptic loosening is associated with the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The activation of osteoclasts as a result of inflammatory responses is associated with osteolysis. Moreover, stimulation of inflammatory signaling pathways such as the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we first summarized the potential inflammatory mechanisms of wear particle-induced peri-implant osteolysis. Then, the therapeutic approaches, e.g., biological inhibitors, herbal products, and stem cells or their derivatives, with the ability to suppress the inflammatory responses, mainly NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathways, were discussed. Based on the results, activation of macrophages following inflammatory stimuli, overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and subsequent differentiation of osteoclasts in the presence of wear particles lead to bone resorption. The activation of NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathways within the macrophages stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. According to in vitro and in vivo studies, novel therapeutics significantly promoted osteogenesis, suppressed osteoclastogenesis, and diminished particle-mediated bone resorption. Conclusively, these findings offer that suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines by regulating both NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome represents a novel approach to attenuate wear-particle-related osteolytic diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Research & Development Unit, Akhtar Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohamad Qoreishi, Meysam Panahi, Naser Ghanbari & Saman Shakeri Jousheghan

  2. Department of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran

    Omyd Dorodi

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  1. Mohamad Qoreishi
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  2. Meysam Panahi
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  3. Omyd Dorodi
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  4. Naser Ghanbari
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  5. Saman Shakeri Jousheghan
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Contributions

M. Q. and S. S. J. conceived of the presented idea. M. Q., M. P., O. D., N. G., and S. S. J. equally participated in drafting the article. M. Q. and S. S. J. participated in revising it critically for important intellectual content. All authors gave final approval of the version to be submitted and any revised version. The authors declare that all data were generated in-house and that no paper mill was used.

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Correspondence to Saman Shakeri Jousheghan.

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Qoreishi, M., Panahi, M., Dorodi, O. et al. Involvement of NF-κB/NLRP3 axis in the progression of aseptic loosening of total joint arthroplasties: a review of molecular mechanisms. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 395, 757–767 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-022-02232-4

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