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A review: traditional herbs and remedies impacting pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease

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Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, leading to misbalance and loss of coordination. Current therapies are claimed only for symptomatic relief, on long-term use, which causes alteration in basal ganglia, and give rise to various adverse effects like dyskinesia and extra pyramidal side effects, which is reversed and proved to be attenuated with the help of various herbal approaches. Therefore, in order to attenuate the dopaminergic complications, focus of current research has been shifted from dopaminergic to non-dopaminergic strategies. Herbs and herbal remedies seems to be a better option to overcome the complications associated with current dopaminergic therapies. In recent years, various herbs and herbal remedies based on Ayurveda, traditional Chinese and Korean remedies, have become the target of various researches. These herbs and their bioactive compound are being extensively used to treat PD in India, China, Japan, and Korea. The major focus of this current review is to analyze preclinical studies with reference to various herbs, bioactive compounds, and traditional remedies for the management of Parkinson disorder, which will give an insight towards clinical trials.

Highlights

  • Current Therapies and its failures in the treatment of Parkinson Disorder.

  • Traditional claims based on Indian, Chinese and Korean medicine system.

  • Traditional formulation with their experimental details and recipes.

  • Herbs snooped for their impact on Dopaminergic and Non-Dopaminergic signalling.

  • Clinical claims on various herbs possessing anti-parkinsonian activity.

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Data availability

It is a brief communication which include the proposed hypothesis, so no scientific or experimental data was provided.

Abbreviations

PD:

Parkinson Disease

DA:

Dopamine

l-DOPA:

Levodopa

UPDRS:

Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale

SNc :

Substantia nigra pars compacta

WHO:

World Health Organization

TCM :

Traditional Chinese medicine

GABA :

γ-Aminobutyric acid

GPi :

Globus pallidus interna

SNpr :

Substantia nigra pars reticulata

GPe :

Globus pallidus externa

STN:

Subthalamic nucleus

mRNA:

Messenger RNA

NMDA:

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor

AMPA:

α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

ECS :

Endogenous cannabinoid system

LID :

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia

COMT:

Catechol-O-methyltransferase

MAO:

Monoamine oxidase

ADL :

Activities of daily living

SMA:

Spontaneous motor activity

MPTP :

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

MPP+ :

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

DAT :

Dopamine transporter

NET :

Noradrenaline transporter

CHO:

Chinese hamster ovary

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

GDNF:

Glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

6-OHDA :

6-Hydroxydopamine

MMP :

Mitochondrial membrane potential

PAF :

Potent platelet-activating factor

CNS:

Central nervous system

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

CAT:

Catalase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TNF-α :

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

IL-β :

Interleukin-1 beta

NO:

Nitric oxide

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

RT-PCR :

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

LPS :

Lipopolysaccharide

GAPDH :

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Mr. Parveen Garg, the chairman, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Punjab), for his praiseworthy inspiration and support for this study.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, I. S. F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India

    Vishavdeep Sharma & Rahul Deshmukh

  2. Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India

    Onkar Bedi & Manisha Gupta

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India

    Rahul Deshmukh

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  2. Onkar Bedi
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R. D. and O. B.: conceptualizing and editing; M. G. and V. D.: medical writing, execution of whole manuscript, wrote the manuscript. All authors approved the manuscript and all data were generated in-house and that no paper mill was used.

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Sharma, V., Bedi, O., Gupta, M. et al. A review: traditional herbs and remedies impacting pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 395, 495–513 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-022-02223-5

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