Abstract
In this paper, we prove that the smooth cubic moments dissipate for the Hecke–Maass cusp forms, which gives a new case of the random wave conjecture. In fact, we can prove a polynomial decay for the smooth cubic moments, while for the smooth second moment (i.e. QUE) no rate of decay is known unconditionally for general Hecke–Maass cusp forms. The proof is based on various estimates of moments of central L-values. We prove the Lindelöf on average bound for the first moment of \({\text {GL}}(3)\times {\text {GL}}(2)\) L-functions in short intervals of the subconvexity strength length, and the convexity strength upper bound for the mixed moment of \({\text {GL}}(2)\) and the triple product L-functions. In particular, we prove new subconvexity bounds of certain \({\text {GL}}(3)\times {\text {GL}}(2)\) L-functions.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
References
Berry, M.: Regular and irregular semiclassical wavefunctions. J. Phys. A 10(12), 2083–2091 (1977)
Blomer, V.: Subconvexity for twisted \(L\)-functions on \(\text{ GL }(3)\). Am. J. Math. 134(5), 1385–1421 (2012)
Blomer, V., Khan, R., Young, M.: Distribution of mass of holomorphic cusp forms. Duke Math. J. 162(14), 2609–2644 (2013)
Buttcane, J., Khan, R.: On the fourth moment of Hecke-Maass forms and the random wave conjecture. Compos. Math. 153(7), 1479–1511 (2017)
Chandee, V., Li, X.: The second moment of \(\text{ GL }(4)\times \text{ GL }(2)\)\(L\)-functions at special points. Adv. Math. 365, 107060 (2020)
Conrey, J.B., Iwaniec, H.: The cubic moment of central values of automorphic \(L\)-functions. Ann. Math. (2) 151(3), 1175–1216 (2000)
Djanković, G., Khan, R.: On the random wave conjecture for Eisenstein series. Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 23, 9694–9716 (2020)
Gelbart, S., Jacquet, H.: A relation between automorphic representations of \(\text{ GL }(2)\) and \(\text{ GL }(3)\). Ann. Sci. École Norm. Sup. (4) 11(4), 471–542 (1978)
Goldfeld, D.: Automorphic forms and \(L\)-functions for the group \(\text{ GL }(n,{\mathbb{R}})\). With an appendix by Kevin A. Broughan. Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, vol. 99. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2006). (xiv+493 pp)
Hoffstein, J., Lockhart, P.: Coefficients of Maass forms and the Siegel zero. With an appendix by Dorian Goldfeld, Hoffstein and Daniel Lieman. Ann. Math. (2) 140(1), 161–181 (1994)
Huang, B.: Hybrid subconvexity bounds for twisted \(L\)-functions on \(GL(3)\). Sci. China Math. 64(3), 443–478 (2021)
Huang, B.: On the Rankin-Selberg problem. Math. Ann. 381(3–4), 1217–1251 (2021)
Huang, B.: Uniform bounds for \(\text{ GL }(3) \times GL(2)\)\(L\)-functions. ArXiv preprint (2021), arXiv:2104.13025
Humphries, P.: Equidistribution in shrinking sets and \(L^4\)-norm bounds for automorphic forms. Math. Ann. 371(3–4), 1497–1543 (2018)
Humphries, P., Khan, R.: On the random wave conjecture for dihedral Maaß forms. Geom. Funct. Anal. 30(1), 34–125 (2020)
Humphries, P., Khan, R.: \(L^p\)-norm bounds for automorphic forms via spectral reciprocity. Preprint
Ivić, A.: On sums of Hecke series in short intervals. J. Théor. Nombres Bordeaux 13(2), 453–468 (2001)
Iwaniec, H.: Small eigenvalues of Laplacian for \(\Gamma _0(N)\). Acta Arith. 56(1), 65–82 (1990)
Iwaniec, H.: The spectral growth of automorphic \(L\)-functions. J. Reine Angew. Math. 428, 139–159 (1992)
Iwaniec, H., Kowalski, E.: Analytic number theory. American Mathematical Society Colloquium Publications, vol. 53. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI (2004)
Jutila, M.: On spectral large sieve inequalities. Dedicated to Włodzimierz Staś on the occasion of his 75th birthday. Funct. Approx. Comment. Math. 28, 7–18 (2000)
Khan, R., Young, M.: Moments and hybrid subconvexity for symmetric-square \(L\)-functions. To appear in J. Inst. Math. Jussieu (2021)
Kim, H.: Functoriality for the exterior square of \(\text{ GL}_4\) and the symmetric fourth of \(\text{ GL}_2\). With appendix 1 by Dinakar Ramakrishnan and appendix 2 by Kim and Peter Sarnak. J. Amer. Math. Soc. 16(1), 139–183 (2003)
Kıral, E., Petrow, I., Young, M.: Oscillatory integrals with uniformity in parameters. J. Théor. Nombres Bordeaux 31(1), 145–159 (2019)
Kwan, C.: Spectral Moment Formulae for \(\text{ GL }(3)\times GL(2)\)\(L\)-functions. ArXiv preprint, arXiv:2112.08568
Lapid, E.M.: On the nonnegativity of Rankin-Selberg \(L\)-functions at the center of symmetry. Int. Math. Res. Not. 2, 65–75 (2003)
Li, X.: Upper bounds on \(L\)-functions at the edge of the critical strip. Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 4, 727–755 (2010)
Li, X.: Bounds for \(\text{ GL }(3)\times GL(2)\)\(L\)-functions and \(\text{ GL }3)\)\(L\)-functions. Ann. Math. (2) 173(1), 301–336 (2011)
Lin, Y., Nunes, R., Qi, Z.: Strong subconvexity for self-dual \(\text{ GL }(3)\)\(L\)-functions. To appear in Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN (2022)
Lindenstrauss, E.: Invariant measures and arithmetic quantum unique ergodicity. Ann. Math. (2) 163(1), 165–219 (2006)
Liu, J., Ye, Y.: Subconvexity for Rankin-Selberg \(L\)-functions of Maass forms. Geom. Funct. Anal. 12(6), 1296–1323 (2002)
Luo, W.: Spectral mean-value of automorphic \(L\)-functions at special points. Analytic number theory, Vol. 2 (Allerton Park, IL, 1995), Progr. Math., vol. 139, pp. 621–632. Birkhäuser Boston, Boston, MA (1996)
Luo, W.: \(L^4\)-norms of the dihedral Maass forms. Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 2014, 2294–2304 (2014)
Luo, W., Sarnak, P.: Quantum ergodicity of eigenfunctions on \(\text{ PSL}_2({ Z })\backslash { H}^2\). Inst. Hautes Études Sci. Publ. Math. (81), 207–237 (1995)
McKee, M., Sun, H., Ye, Y.: Improved subconvexity bounds for \(\text{ GL }2)\times GL(3)\) and \(\text{ GL }3)\)\(L\)-functions by weighted stationary phase. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 370(5), 3745–3769 (2018)
Miller, S.D., Zhou, F.: The balanced Voronoi formulas for \(\text{ GL }n)\). Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 11, 3473–3484 (2019)
Nelson, P.: Bounds for standard \(L\)-functions. ArXiv preprint, arXiv:2109.15230
Ramakrishnan, D.: Modularity of the Rankin-Selberg \(L\)-series, and multiplicity one for \(\text{ SL }2)\). Ann. Math. (2) 152(1), 45–111 (2000)
Rudnick, Z., Sarnak, P.: The behaviour of eigenstates of arithmetic hyperbolic manifolds. Comm. Math. Phys. 161(1), 195–213 (1994)
Sarnak, P.: Estimates for Rankin-Selberg \(L\)-functions and quantum unique ergodicity. J. Funct. Anal. 184(2), 419–453 (2001)
Sarnak, P.: Spectra of hyperbolic surfaces. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 40(4), 441–478 (2003)
Sarnak, P.: Letter to Morawetz (2004). https://publications.ias.edu/node/480
Soundararajan, K.: Quantum unique ergodicity for \(\text{ SL }2({\mathbb{Z} }) \backslash {\mathbb{H} }\). Ann. Math. (2) 172(2), 1529–1538 (2010)
Spinu, F.: The \(L^4\)-norm of Eisenstein series, Princeton PhD thesis (2003)
Watson, T.: Rankin triple products and quantum chaos. arXiv:0810.0425
Young, M.: Weyl-type hybrid subconvexity bounds for twisted \(L\)-functions and Heegner points on shrinking sets. J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 19(5), 1545–1576 (2017)
Zagier, D.: The Rankin–Selberg method for automorphic functions which are not of rapid decay. J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo Sect. IA Math. 28(3), 415–437 (1981) (1982)
Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank Prof. Jianya Liu and Zeév Rudnick for their valuable discussions and constant encouragement. He also wants to thank Peter Humphries and Yongxiao Lin for their comments. He gratefully thanks to the referees for the constructive comments and recommendations which definitely improve the readability and quality of the paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This work was supported by the National Key R &D Program of China (No. 2021YFA1000700) and NSFC (Nos. 12001314 and 12031008).
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, B. The cubic moment of Hecke–Maass cusp forms and moments of L-functions. Math. Ann. 389, 899–945 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-023-02668-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-023-02668-w