Abstract
Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are derived for protection from health hazards, assuming that exposed subjects are healthy adult workers. Whether differences in susceptibility to sensory irritation effects from airborne chemicals have to be taken into account is currently under discussion. Thus, we chose atopics as a healthy but possibly susceptible subpopulation that can be identified with a clinical test. To investigate the influence of sex or atopy on sensitivity to airborne chemicals, 22 subjects were exposed for 4 h to ethyl acrylate at three concentrations: 0.05 ppm (odor threshold; sham), 5 ppm (constant), and varying exposure between 0 and 10 ppm. Odor intensity decreased and eye irritation ratings increased in a dose-dependent manner, reflecting the time course of the exposure scenarios. The reports of moderate-to-strong eye irritation were verified by significant increases in eye blink frequency. Our results show that women reported subjective eye irritation to an increasing degree. However, these sex-related differences in ratings could not be verified by objective assessment of eye blink frequency. Atopic subjects reported higher odor intensity than non-atopic subjects, but only during the sham (odorous but not irritating) exposure condition. Differences in ratings on annoyance, and eye or nose irritation were not found. Furthermore, the study revealed that atopic subjects might belong to a group of subjects with frequent eye blink activity. Although the relative increase in blink rates was more pronounced in non-atopic subjects, atopic subjects had significant higher blink rates at the end of the exposure to varying ethyl acrylate concentrations. Our results do not support that atopy enhances chemosensory effects if only the increase of blink rates and not the absolute height are considered as adverse effect. Nevertheless, the results indicate that individuals with frequent eye blink activity should be distinguished from those with normal eye blink activity while investigating blink rates as objective parameter of eye irritation.
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Notes
We are in this report first and foremost interested in effects linked to biological processes rather than gender identity and/or societal factors. We are, therefore, using the term “sex,” a term commonly used when referring to potential differences between men and women based on the underlying biology, rather than “gender,” a term commonly used when referring to sexual (gender) identity.
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Sucker, K., Hoffmeyer, F., Monsé, C. et al. Ethyl acrylate: influence of sex or atopy on perceptual ratings and eye blink frequency. Arch Toxicol 93, 2913–2926 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-019-02568-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-019-02568-6