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Selection of green carrier solvent for the effective creation of bio-inspired liquid formulation and anti-fungal potency evaluation

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Abstract

Existing pesticide formulation solvents generate volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are combustible, and are classed as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), meaning they are detrimental to users and phytotoxic to crops. Green solvents are required in formulations due to regulations, health, and environmental concerns. In emulsifiable concentration (EC) formulations, the “green chemistry” movement has led to the use of less harmful solvents. After a detailed and comparative fungal growth inhibition assessment, the least harmful carrier solvent among four regularly used organic solvents [dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), aromatic hydrocarbon (C9), and methyl oleate] was chosen in this study. We employed methyl oleate (cis-9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester) as a bio-based green reserver (60%) to create effective bioinspired EC formulations (30%) of Pongamia pinnata L extract utilising emulsifier blends (10 percent) based on the known toxicity order (DMF > DMSO > C9 > methyl oleate). EC1 outperformed the other thirteen formulations (EC1-EC13) in terms of emulsion stability, cold test, accelerated storage stability, flash point, and other metrics, proving its suitability for commercial production. Using four therapeutically appropriate concentrations of agricultural usage, in-vitro fungicidal effects against Alternaria solani and Phytophthora spp. were examined.A. solani (EC50 = 0.08 percent) showed the greatest growth suppression (87.4 percent) at the maximum dosage (1 percent), followed by Phytophthora sp. (71.1 percent) (EC50 = 0.49 percent). The study proved its utility in the production of environmentally acceptable green solvent-based herbal formulations as a long-term crop protection alternative to harmful chemical pesticides.

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Acknowledgements

The writers are thankful to Agro-Chemical Formulation Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Chemicals, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Nadia, West Bengal, India for providing the facilities for this research.

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The completion of this research work was done without any financial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Palli-Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731 236, India

    Aloke Purkait & Pabitra Kumar Biswas

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741 252, India

    Debasish Rana & Argha Banerjee

  3. Department of Agricultural Chemicals, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741 252, India

    Dipak Kumar Hazra & Ramen Kumar Kole

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  1. Aloke Purkait
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  4. Dipak Kumar Hazra
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Contributions

D.K.H. and R.K.K. wrote the main manuscript text. A.P. and D.R. prepared the figures. A.B. and P.K.B. prepared all tables. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Dipak Kumar Hazra.

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Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.

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Purkait, A., Rana, D., Banerjee, A. et al. Selection of green carrier solvent for the effective creation of bio-inspired liquid formulation and anti-fungal potency evaluation. Arch Microbiol 204, 669 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-03280-3

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