Abstract
With the aim of evaluate the thermal tolerance of twelve suspoemulsion formulations containing conidia of I. javanica (at low and high moisture content) as an active ingredient and the biological effectiveness in the greenhouse, we developed twelve oil-based formulations of I. javanica with canola, castor bean, corn, soybean, peanut and mineral oil and surfactant mixtures: six formulations with conidia at low humidity (5-7%) and six with conidia at higher humidity (40-50%). Formulations were developed using the HLB system; Span 80 (HLB 4.3) and Tween 80 (HLB 15) like surfactants were mixed with oils. Thermotolerance was evaluated after exposure to 45 °C for 2, 8 and 24 h. Additionally, to evaluate the functionality of the formulations, greenhouse bioassays were performed using tomato plants infested with Bemisia tabaci. To determine the viability and shelf life, 10 mL of each formulation was stored for 5 and 9 months, and the storage temperature oscillated between 12 and 34 °C (at typical room temperature), with 12 / 12 h light / dark cycles, after 9 months of storage. The viability of unformulated conidia and those contained in the formulations was >82% after exposure to 45 °C for 2 h. The B (mineral oil), C (corn, soybean and peanut oils), D (corn oil), E (canola and soybean oils), and F (castor oil) formulations (low humidity), unformulated conidia and PAE-SIN caused mortality ranging from 43-56%. The conidia in formulations on oil exhibited 53-65% viability at 24 h and were statistically similar to each other but significantly different from the conidia (unformulated) with the viability 5%; at 72 h, the viability of conidia in all formulations was 78-88%, and the values were statistically similar to each other but significantly different from that of the conidia (unformulated) with the viability 6%. The formulations evaluated in this work presented lethality in B. tabaci nymphs 1-4, it is also suggested that these formulations confer thermal protection acquired by the formulation since unformulated conidia are drastically affected. The humidity of the conidia in the moment of developing formulations is a factor that affects the final tolerance and the viability in the shelf life.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in data.ibt.unam.mx at http://microbiomics.ibt.unam.mx/data/date-BST.xlsx.
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Acknowledgements
KTMA thanks and acknowledges having received a posdoctorate fellowship from the Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA, UNAM). The authors would like to thank Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, and Laura Patricia Lina as well as Andrés Alviar Garcia for his research advice.
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This work was supported by grants from FOMIX-CONACYT [Project MOR-2007-C01- 80507].
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Murillo-Alonso, K.T., Salazar-Magallón, J.A., Olarte-Lozano, M. et al. Evaluation of Isaria javanica (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) oil dispersion formulations for the control of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Int J Trop Insect Sci 43, 2179–2187 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-023-01120-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-023-01120-5