Abstract
In this study, calcium phosphate nanoparticles-based (STCNV) and montanide oil adjuvant vaccine (STOAV) containing outer membrane proteins (Omps) of S. Typhi were evaluated for inducing oxidative stress indicators [reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total protein] in the tissues of mice after vaccination. The GSH levels though slightly high in the liver, kidney, and lungs of STCNV group were not significantly different from STOAV and the control group (STC). There was no significant difference in LPO levels in any group for any tissue. The significantly lower activities of catalase were observed in the kidney and lungs of the STCNV group as compared to STOAV and STC group, while in the liver, STCNV group revealed lower catalase activity in comparison to the control group. No significant difference in the SOD activities between the two vaccinated groups was observed. The total protein contents in all the organs showed no significant difference in the vaccinated and the control group. The vaccines may induce long-term inflammatory response and consequently damage vital organs; this study revealed no long-term oxidative stress in all the three vital organs, suggesting that these vaccines may not cause oxidative damages in the vital organs of mice.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Director, Experiment Station and the Dean, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, for providing the necessary facilities and support to conduct the present study. Dr. Bhaskar Sharma. Ex-National Professor, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, is highly acknowledged for his guidance and support during the study and preparation of the manuscript.
Funding
The research work was supported financially by the Department of Biotechnology, (Grant Number BT/PR796/ADV/116/2011), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. The grant was awarded to Dr. Mumtesh Kumar Saxena as an R&D project.
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YS prepared nanovaccine formulation for vaccination of mice and drafted the manuscript. AK performed the experiments and contributed to the interpretation of data. AS guided and helped in the preparation of vaccine formulation. PB edited the manuscript. SPS guided during handling and vaccination of mice. AK and MM contributed to the aseptic collection of organs from different groups of mice. MKS designed the study, contributed to the interpretation of data and reviewed the manuscript.
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The entire animal experiments and trials were approved by Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
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Singh, Y., Kumar, A., Saxena, A. et al. Assessment of free radicals and reactive oxygen species milieu in nanoparticles adjuvanted outer membrane proteins vaccine against Salmonella typhi. Arch Microbiol 204, 479 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-03096-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-03096-1