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Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays with non-standard multi-characteristics for power systems transient instability protection

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Abstract

Maintaining a stable operation of modern power systems, which are heavily loaded and strongly interconnected is a very complex task. This requires an optimal setting and coordination of protective relays considering the transient behavior of power systems. This paper proposes a new formulation of the optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) problem, considering power systems' transient stability and intelligent selection of non-standard characteristics. This problem is formulated as a mixed-integer optimization problem, taking into account non-standard relay characteristics and transient stability constraints, where the required power system parameters are calculated using Digsilent Power Factory Software. An enhanced version of a hybrid optimization method called: Hybrid Gravity Search Algorithm and Sequential Quadratic Programming (GSA-SQP), is proposed to solve the problem. The efficiency and performance of the proposed approach are validated on the 9-bus and 39-bus test systems considering various case studies. The obtained results show the efficiency of the proposed formulation to reduce the operating time of DOCRs with coordination and transient stability constraints satisfaction.

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Abbreviations

N-SC:

Non-standard relay characteristic

CCT:

Critical clearing time

DOCR:

Directional overcurrent relay

SC:

Standard relay characteristic

SG:

Synchronous generator

MINLP:

Mixed-integer nonlinear programming

RelayType:

Type of relay characteristics

CTI:

Coordination time interval

OF:

Objective function

MOF:

Modification of objective function

TDS:

Time dial setting

TCC:

Time–current curves

Ip:

Pick-up current of relay

topi :

Operating time of the ith primary relay protection

topj :

Operating time of jth backup protection

K:

Variable decision to control the voltage

SCC:

Short current circuit

PSO:

Particle swarm optimization

GA:

Genetic algorithm

GSA:

Gravitational search algorithm

GSASQP:

Gravitational search algorithm and sequential quadratic programming

PSOGSA:

Hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravity search algorithm

NLP:

Nonlinear programming problem

LP:

Linear-programming

DG:

Distributed generation

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the DGRSDT. A special thanks to Digsilent Power Factory for providing us a thesis license of the software.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LSEI Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, USTHB, BP. 32, 16111, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria

    Asma Assouak & Ahmed Amine Ladjici

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, CRNB, BP. 180, 17200, Ain Oussera, Djelfa, Algeria

    Rabah Benabid

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  1. Asma Assouak
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Correspondence to Asma Assouak.

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Assouak, A., Benabid, R. & Ladjici, A.A. Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays with non-standard multi-characteristics for power systems transient instability protection. Electr Eng 104, 3697–3715 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-022-01554-z

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