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Effect of bulk modulus on deformation of the brain under rotational accelerations

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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury such as that developed as a consequence of blast is a complex injury with a broad range of symptoms and disabilities. Computational models of brain biomechanics hold promise for illuminating the mechanics of traumatic brain injury and for developing preventive devices. However, reliable material parameters are needed for models to be predictive. Unfortunately, the properties of human brain tissue are difficult to measure, and the bulk modulus of brain tissue in particular is not well characterized. Thus, a wide range of bulk modulus values are used in computational models of brain biomechanics, spanning up to three orders of magnitude in the differences between values. However, the sensitivity of these variations on computational predictions is not known. In this work, we study the sensitivity of a 3D computational human head model to various bulk modulus values. A subject-specific human head model was constructed from T1-weighted MRI images at 2-\(\hbox {mm}^{3}\) voxel resolution. Diffusion tensor imaging provided data on spatial distribution and orientation of axonal fiber bundles for modeling white matter anisotropy. Non-injurious, full-field brain deformations in a human volunteer were used to assess the simulated predictions. The comparison suggests that a bulk modulus value on the order of GPa gives the best agreement with experimentally measured in vivo deformations in the human brain. Further, simulations of injurious loading suggest that bulk modulus values on the order of GPa provide the closest match with the clinical findings in terms of predicated injured regions and extent of injury.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge funding from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strokes, National Institutes of Health (Project #R01NS055951). The authors also thank Andy Knutsen and Dzung Pham from the Henry Jackson Foundation for sharing tagged MRI experimental data from Knutsen et al. J. Biomechanics [35]. The numerical technique to circumvent locking in Uintah MPM package (http://www.uintah.utah.edu) was implemented by James Guilkey of the University of Utah, and we express our appreciation for his help and that of Rebecca Brannon with Uintah.

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  1. Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India

    S. Ganpule

  2. Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA

    N. P. Daphalapurkar & K. T. Ramesh

  3. General Electric Healthcare Maternal-Infant Care, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA

    M. P. Cetingul

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Communicated by O. Petel and S. Ouellet.

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Ganpule, S., Daphalapurkar, N.P., Cetingul, M.P. et al. Effect of bulk modulus on deformation of the brain under rotational accelerations. Shock Waves 28, 127–139 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-017-0791-z

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