Abstract
PPP-RTK corrections, aiding GNSS users to achieve single-receiver integer ambiguity-resolved parameter solutions, are often estimated in a recursive manner by a provider. Such recursive, multi-epoch, estimation of the corrections relies on a set of \(\mathcal {S}\)-basis parameters that are chosen by the provider so as to make the underlying measurement setup solvable. As a consequence, the provider can only estimate estimable forms of the corrections rather than the original corrections themselves. It is the goal of the present contribution to address the consequence of the corrections’ dependency on the provider’s \(\mathcal {S}\)-basis, showcasing the characteristics of their multi-epoch solutions, thereby identifying potential pitfalls which the PPP-RTK user should avoid when evaluating such solutions. To this end, we develop a simulation platform that allows one to have full control over the properties of PPP-RTK corrections and demonstrate various misleading temporal behaviors that exist when interpreting the multi-epoch solutions of their estimable forms. The roles of the correction latency and time correlation in the multi-epoch user positioning performance are quantified, while the deviation of the user-reported positioning precision description from its user-actual counterpart is measured under a misspecified user stochastic model.
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Data Availability
The orbit products are accessible through https://cddis.nasa.gov/archive/gnss/products/mgex/. The simulated data used in this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The GNSS orbit products are made available by the International GNSS Service (IGS). This support is gratefully acknowledged.
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DP and AK proposed the study concept. DP developed the simulation platform, performed the data analysis and prepared the draft manuscript. AK revised the manuscript, and PJGT gave feedback on the written manuscript. All authors contributed to the discussion and interpretation of results and critically reviewed the final manuscript.
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Psychas, D., Khodabandeh, A. & Teunissen, P.J.G. Multi-epoch PPP-RTK corrections: temporal characteristics, pitfalls and user-impact. J Geod 98, 15 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-024-01823-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-024-01823-8