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Co–Cr–Mo alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion process: grain structure, defect formation, and mechanical properties

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Abstract

In this work, a commercial Co–Cr–Mo alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LBPF) was studied from the point of view of the microstructure of the as-built material, crack mechanism formation, mechanical properties, and residual stresses. Correlative characterization encompassing X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy supported by electron backscattered diffraction, nanoindentation, tensile testing, and residual stresses measurements were performed on the as-built and heat-treated samples. The anisotropic microstructure of the as-built Co–Cr–Mo samples is imposed by the heat flow condition along the building direction (BD), parallel to the z-axis. Cracks and pores were found at the cellular dendrite boundaries and grain boundaries. Only diffraction peaks corresponding to γ-Co (FCC) were observed through X-ray diffraction. The formation of M23C6 carbides was experimentally confirmed by electron backscatter diffraction analysis and predicted by the non-equilibrium solidification path simulation. After the Co–Cr–Mo alloy was heat-treated at 1050 °C for 2 h, the previous cellular structures were dissolved. The tensile properties of the heat-treated samples were reduced due to the microstructural heterogeneities such as voids together with coarsened secondary particles that existed at the grain boundaries.

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Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank the INCT-Biofabris for providing the Co–Cr–Mo samples. The LNNano/CNPEM is also acknowledged for the EBSD and XRD measurements (Project numbers SEM—23656; DRXP 21921).

Funding

This study was funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Project grant number PCI-DA 300148/2020-8). JPO acknowledges Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT—MCTES) for its financial support via the project UIDB/00667/2020 (UNIDEMI).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Technology—INT, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20081-312, Brazil

    Alex Matos da Silva Costa, Eduardo Guimarães Barbosa Leite, Denise Souza de Freitas & Maurício de Jesus Monteiro

  2. UNIDEMI, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Industrial, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal

    João Pedro Oliveira

  3. National Institute of Biofabrication (INCT-BIOFABRIS), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, Brazil

    André Luiz Jardini Munhoz

  4. EIA University, Km 2 + 200 Vía al Aeropuerto José María Córdova, Envigado, 055428, Antioquia, Colombia

    Johnnatan Rodriguez

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  1. Alex Matos da Silva Costa
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Contributions

A.M.S.C.: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing—original draft; J.P.O.: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing—review & editing; A.L.J.: resources, writing—review & editing; E.G.B.L.: investigation, writing—review & editing; D.S.F.: investigation, writing—review & editing; M.J.M.: investigation, writing—review & editing; J.R.: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing—review & editing.

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Correspondence to Johnnatan Rodriguez.

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da Silva Costa, A.M., Oliveira, J.P., Munhoz, A.L.J. et al. Co–Cr–Mo alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion process: grain structure, defect formation, and mechanical properties. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 116, 2387–2399 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07570-w

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