Skip to main content
Log in

Review of tool condition monitoring methods in milling processes

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Accurate tool condition monitoring (TCM) is essential for the development of fully automated milling processes. However, while considerable research has been conducted in industrial and academic settings, the complexity of milling processes continues to complicate the implementation of TCM. This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art methods employed for conducting TCM in milling processes. The review includes three key components: (1) sensors, (2) feature extraction, and (3) monitoring models for the categorization of cutting tool states in the decision-making process. In addition, the primary strengths and weaknesses of current practices are presented for these three components. Finally, this paper concludes with a list of recommendations for future research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Javed K, Gouriveau R, Li X, Zerhouni N (2016) Tool wear monitoring and prognostics challenges: a comparison of connectionist methods toward an adaptive ensemble model. J Intell Manuf 30(4):1–18

    Google Scholar 

  2. Vetrichelvan G, Sundaram S, Kumaran S, Velmurugan P (2014) An investigation of tool wear using acoustic emission and genetic algorithm. J Vib Control 21(15):3061–3066

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bhattacharyya P, Sengupta D, Mukhopadhyay S (2007) Cutting force-based real-time estimation of tool wear in face milling using a combination of signal processing techniques. Mech Syst Signal Process 21(6):2665–2683

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Liu C, Wang G, Li Z (2015) Incremental learning for online tool condition monitoring using ellipsoid ARTMAP network model. App Soft Comput 35:186–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Aliustaoglu C, Ertunc H, Ocak H (2009) Tool wear condition monitoring using a sensor fusion model based on fuzzy inference system. Mech Syst Signal Process 23(2):539–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Konstantinos S, Athanasios K (2014) Reliability assessment of cutting tool life based on surrogate approximation methods. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 71(5–8):1197–1208

    Google Scholar 

  7. Karandikar J, Mcleay T, Turner S, Schmitz T (2015) Tool wear monitoring using naïve bayes classifiers. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 77(9–12):1613–1626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Rehorn A, Jiang J, Orban P (2005) State-of-the-art methods and results in tool condition monitoring: a review. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 26(7–8):693–710

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Dutta S, Kanwat A, Pal S, Sen R (2013) Correlation study of tool flank wear with machined surface texture in end milling. Measurement 46(10):4249–4260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ghosh N, Ravi Y, Patra A, Mukhopadhyay S, Paul S, Mohanty A (2007) Estimation of tool wear during CNC milling using neural network-based sensor fusion. Mech Syst Signal Process 21(1):466–479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Drouillet C, Karandikar J, Nath C, Journeaux A, Mansori M, Kurfess T (2016) Tool life predictions in milling using spindle power with the neural network technique. J Manuf Process 22:161–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Madhusudana C, Kumar H, Narendranath S (2017) Face milling tool condition monitoring using sound signal. Int J Syst Assu Eng Manag 4:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kim S, Lee C, Lee D, Kim J, Jung Y (2001) Evaluation of the thermal characteristics in high-speed ball-end milling. J Mate Processing Technol 113(1):406–409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Nouri M, Fussell B, Ziniti B, Linder E (2015) Real-time tool wear monitoring in milling using a cutting condition independent method. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 89:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Azmi A (2015) Monitoring of tool wear using measured machining forces and neuro-fuzzy modeling approaches during machining of GFRP composites. Adv Eng Softw 82:53–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhang H, Zhao J, Wang F, Li A (2015) Cutting forces and tool failure in high-speed milling of titanium alloy tc21 with coated carbide tools. J Eng Manuf 229(1):20–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang M, Wang J (2012) CHMM for tool condition monitoring and remaining useful life prediction. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 59(5–8):463–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Huang P, Ma C, Kuo C (2015) A PNN self-learning tool breakage detection system in end milling operations. Appl Soft Comput 37:114–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kaya B, Oysu C, Ertunc H (2011) Force-torque based on-line tool wear estimation system for CNC milling of inconel 718 using neural networks. Adv Eng Softw 42(3):76–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Prickett P, Johns C (1999) An overview of approaches to end milling tool monitoring. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 39(1):105–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Koike R, Ohnishi K, Aoyama T (2016) A sensorless approach for tool fracture detection in milling by integrating multi-axial servo information. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 65(1):385–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ghani J, Rizal M, Nuawi M, Ghazali M, Haron C (2011) Monitoring online cutting tool wear using low-cost technique and user-friendly GUI. Wear 271(9–10):2619–2624

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Stavropoulos P, Papacharalampopoulos A, Vasiliadis E, Chryssolouris G (2016) Tool wear predictability estimation in milling based on multi-sensorial data. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 82(1–4):509–521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sevilla P, Robles J, Jauregui J, Jimenez D (2015a) FPGA-based reconfigurable system for tool condition monitoring in high-speed machining process. Measurement 64:81–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sevilla P, Robles J, Muñiz J, Lee F (2015b) Tool failure detection method for high-speed milling using vibration signal and reconfigurable bandpass digital filtering. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 81(5–8):1–8

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sevilla P, Jauregui J, Herrera G, Robles J (2013) Efficient method for detecting tool failures in high-speed machining process. J Eng Manuf 227(4):473–482

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Cuka B, Kim D (2017) Fuzzy logic based tool condition monitoring for end-milling. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 47(10):22–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang G, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Xie Q (2014) Vibration sensor based tool condition monitoring using ν, support vector machine and locality preserving projection. Sensors Actuators A Phys 209:24–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhou Y, Liu X, Li F, Sun B, Xue W (2015) An online damage identification approach for numerical control machine tools based on data fusion using vibration signals. J Vib Control 21(15):2925–2936

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Chen B, Chen X, Li B, He Z, Cao H, Cai G (2011) Reliability estimation for cutting tools based on logistic regression model using vibration signals. Mech. Syst. Signal Process 25(7):2526–2537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhang C, Yao X, Zhang J, Jin H (2016) Tool condition monitoring and remaining useful life prognostic based on a wireless sensor in dry milling operations. Sensors 16(795):1–20

    Google Scholar 

  32. Hsieh W, Lu M, Chiou S (2012) Application of backpropagation neural network for spindle vibration-based tool wear monitoring in micro-milling. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 61(1–4):53–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Madhusudana C, Kumar H, Narendranath S (2016) Condition monitoring of face milling tool using k-star algorithm and histogram features of vibration signal. Int J Eng Sci Technol 19(3):1543–1551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Gao C, Xue W, Ren Y, Zhou Y (2017) Numerical control machine tool fault diagnosis using hybrid stationary subspace analysis and least squares support vector machine with a single sensor. Applied Sci 7(4):346 1-12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Ammouri A, Hamade R (2014) Current rise criterion: a process-independent method for tool-condition monitoring and prognostics. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 72(1–4):509–519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Shao H, Wang H, Zhao X (2004) A cutting power model for tool wear monitoring in milling. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 44(14):1503–1509

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Ritou M, Garnier S, Furet B, Hascoet J (2014) Angular approach combined to mechanical model for tool breakage detection by eddy current sensors. Mech Syst Signal Process 44(1–2):211–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Sevilla P, HerreraG RJ, Jáuregui J (2011) Tool breakage detection in cnc high-speed milling based in feed-motor current signals. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 53(9–12):1141–1148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Rizal M, Ghani J, Nuawi M, Che H (2014) A review of sensor system and application in milling process for tool condition monitoring. Rese J Applied Sci Eng Technol 7(10):2083–2097

    Google Scholar 

  40. Lee B (1999) Application of the discrete wavelet transform to the monitoring of tool failure in end milling using the spindle motor current. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 15(4):238–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Jemielniak K (2008) Arrazola P (2008) application of AE and cutting force signals in tool condition monitoring in micro-milling. CIRP J Manuf Sci Technol 1:97–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Yen C, Lu M, Chen J (2013) Applying the self-organization feature map (som) algorithm to ae-based tool wear monitoring in micro-cutting. Mech Syst Signal Proces 34(1–2):353–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Pechenin V, Khaimovich A, Kondratiev A, Bolotov M (2017) Method of controlling cutting tool wear based on signal analysis of acoustic emission for milling. Procedia Eng 176:246–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Mathew M, Pai P, Rocha L (2008) An effective sensor for tool wear monitoring in face milling: acoustic emission. Sadhana 33(3):227–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Ren Q, Balazinski M, Baron L, Jemielniak K, Botez R, Achiche S (2014) Type-2 fuzzy tool condition monitoring system based on acoustic emission in micromilling. Info Sci 255(1):121–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Zhu K, Vogel B (2014) Sparse representation and its applications in micro-milling condition monitoring: noise separation and tool condition monitoring. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 70(1–4):185–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Snr D (2000) Sensor signals for tool-wear monitoring in metal cutting operations—a review of methods. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 40(8):1073–1098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Chen S, Jen Y (2000) Data fusion neural network for tool condition monitoring in CNC milling machining. Int J Mach Tool Manuf 40(3):381–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Binsaeid S, Asfour S, Cho S, Onar A (2009) Machine ensemble approach for simultaneous detection of transient and gradual abnormalities in end milling using multisensor fusion. J Mater Process Technol 209(10):4728–4738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Kuljanic E, Totis G, Sortino M (2009) Development of an intelligent multisensor chatter detection system in milling. Mech Syst Signal Process 23(5):1704–1718

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Cho S, Binsaeid S, Asfour S (2010) Design of multisensor fusion-based tool condition monitoring system in end milling. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 46(5–8):681–694

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Geramifard O, Xu J, Zhou J, Li X (2012) A physically segmented hidden markov model approach for continuous tool condition monitoring: diagnostics and prognostics. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 8(4):964–973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Lamraoui M, Thomas M, Badaoui M (2014) Cyclostationarity approach for monitoring chatter and tool wear in high speed milling. Mech Syst Signal Process 44(1–2):177–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Salehi M, Albertelli P, Goletti M, Ripamonti F, Tomasini G, Monno M (2015) Indirect model based estimation of cutting force and tool tip vibrational behavior in milling machines by sensor fusion. Procedia CIRP 33(1):239–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Wang G, Zhang Y, Liu C, Xie Q, Xu Y (2016) A new tool wear monitoring method based on multi-scale PCA. J Intell Manuf:1–10

  56. Hong Y, Yoon H, Moon J, Cho Y, Ahn S (2016) Tool-wear monitoring during micro-end milling using wavelet packet transform and fisher’s linear discriminant. Int J Prec Eng Manuf 17(7):845–855

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Jahromi A, Meng J, Li X, Lim B (2016) Sequential fuzzy clustering based dynamic fuzzy neural network for fault diagnosis and prognosis. Neurocomputing 196:31–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. WangP GR (2016) Stochastic tool wear prediction for sustainable manufacturing. Procedia CIRP 48:236–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Yu J, Liang S, Tang D, Liu H (2016) A weighted hidden markov model approach for continuous-state tool wear monitoring and tool life prediction. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 91(1–4):201–111

    Google Scholar 

  60. Downey J, O'Sullivan D, Nejmen M, Bombinski S, O’Leary P, Raghavendra R (2016) Real time monitoring of the CNC process in a production environment- the data collection and analysis phase. Procedia CIRP 41:920–926

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Harris K, Triantafyllopoulos K, Stillman E, Mcleay T (2016) A multivariate control chart for autocorrelated tool wear processes. Qual Reliab Eng Int 32(6):2093–2106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Christopher A, John T (2007) Methods for on-line directionally independent failure prediction of end milling cutting tools. Mach Sci Technol 11(1):1–43

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  63. Zhu K, Wong Y, Hong G (2009) Wavelet analysis of sensor signals for tool condition monitoring: a review and some new results. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 49(7):537–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Sun H, He Z, Zi Y, Yuan J, Wang X, Chen J, He S (2014) Multiwavelet transform and its applications in mechanical fault diagnosis—a review. Mech Syst Signal Process 43(1–2):1–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Huang N, Shen Z, Long S, Wu M, Shih M, Zheng Q, Yen N, Tung C, Liu H (1998) The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. Proc R Soc Lond 454:903–995

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  66. LeiY, LinJ, He Z, Zuo M (2013) A review on empirical mode decomposition in fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Mech Syst Signal Process 35(1–2):108–126

    Google Scholar 

  67. Shi X, Wang R, Chen Q, Shao H (2014) Cutting sound signal processing for tool breakage detection in face milling based on empirical mode decomposition and independent component analysis. J Vib Control 21(16):3348–3358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Babouri M, Ouelaa N, Djebala A (2016) Experimental study of tool life transition and wear monitoring in turning operation using a hybrid method based on wavelet multi-resolution analysis and empirical mode decomposition. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 82(9–12):2017–2028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Wu Z, Huang N (2009) Ensemble empirical mode decomposition: a noise assisted data analysis method. Adv Adapt Data Anal 1:1–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Wang Y, Yeh C, Young H, Hu K, Lo M (2014) On the computational complexity of the empirical mode decomposition algorithm. Phys A Stat Mech Appl 400(4):159–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Zhao L, Yu W, Yan R (2016) Gearbox fault diagnosis using complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition and permutation entropy. Shock Vib. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3891429

  72. Wang J, Xie J, Zhao R, Zhang L, Duan L (2017) Multisensory fusion based virtual tool wear sensing for ubiquitous manufacturing. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 45:47–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Szecsi T (1999) Cutting force modeling using artificial neural networks. J Mater Process Technol 92-93(3):344–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Pimenov D (2013) The effect of the rate flank wear teeth face mills on the processing. J Frict Wear 34(2):156–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Kalidass S, Palanisamy P, Muthukumaran V (2013) Prediction and optimization of tool wear for end milling operation using artificial neural networks and simulated annealing algorithm. Int J Mach Mach Mater 14(2):142–164

    Google Scholar 

  76. Wang G, Cui Y (2013a) On line tool wear monitoring based on auto associative neural network. J Intell Manuf 24:1085–1094

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Wang G, Yang Y, Guo Z (2013b) Hybrid learning based gaussian ARTMAP network for tool condition monitoring using selected force harmonic features. Sensors Actuators A Phys 203(12):394–404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Torabi A, Meng J, Li X, Lim B, Zhai L, Oentaryo RJ (2015) A survey on artificial intelligence-based modeling techniques for high speed milling processes. IEEE Syst J 9(3):1069–1080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Salimiasl A, Özdemir A (2016) Analyzing the performance of artificial neural network (ANN)-, fuzzy logic (FL)-, and least square (LS)-based models for online tool condition monitoring. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 87(1–4):1–14

    Google Scholar 

  80. Owsley L, Atlas L, Bernard G (1997) Self-organizing feature maps and hidden Markov models for machine-tool monitoring. IEEE Trans Signal Process 45(11):2787–2798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Lu M, Wan B (2013) Study of high-frequency sound signals for tool wear monitoring in micromilling. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 66(9–12):1785–1792

    Google Scholar 

  82. Zhu K, Wong Y, Hong G (2009) Multi-category micro-milling tool wear monitoring with continuous hidden markov models. Mech Syst Signal Process 23(2):547–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Geramifard O, Xu J, Zhou J, Li X (2014) Multimodal hidden markov model-based approach for tool wear monitoring. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 61(6):2900–2911

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Siddhpura A, Paurobally R (2013) A review of flank wear prediction methods for tool condition monitoring in a turning process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 65(1–4):371–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Shawe T, Sun S (2011) A review of optimization methodologies in support vector machines. Neurocomputing 74(17):3609–3618

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Hsueh Y, Yang C (2009) Tool breakage diagnosis in face milling by support vector machine. J Mater Process Technol 209(1):145–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Wang G, Yang Y, Xie Q, Zhang Y (2014a) Force based tool wear monitoring system for milling process based on relevance vector machine. Adv Eng Softw 71(3):46–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Abbasnejad M, Ramachandram D, Mandava R (2012) A survey of the state of the art in learning the kernels. Knowl Inf Syst 31(2):193–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Douha L, Benoudjit N, Douak F, Melgani F (2012) Support vector regression in spectrophoto-metry: an experimental study. Crit Rev Anal Chem 42(3):214–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Lei Y, He Z, Zi Y, Hu Q (2008) Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on a new hybrid clustering algorithm. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 35(9–10):968–977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Zhang T, Ye W, Shan Y (2015) Application of sliced inverse regression with fuzzy clustering for thermal error modeling of CNC machine tool. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 85(9–12):1–11

    Google Scholar 

  92. Fu S, Liu K, Xu Y, Liu Y (2016) Rolling bearing diagnosing method based on time domain analysis and adaptive fuzzy c -means clustering. Shock Vib (1): 1–8

  93. Torabi A, Meng J, Xiang L, Lim B, Gan O (2016) Application of clustering methods for online tool condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in high-speed milling processes. IEEE Syst J 10(2):721–732

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Grasso M, Albertelli P, Colosimo B (2013) An adaptive SPC approach for multi-sensor fusion and monitoring of time-varying processes. Procedia CIRP 12:61–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Wang G, Liu C, Cui Y, Feng X (2014b) Tool wear monitoring based on cointegration modeling of multisensory information. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 27(5):479–487

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Marksberry P, Jawahir I (2008) A comprehensive tool-wear/tool-life performance model in the evaluation of ndm (near dry machining) for sustainable manufacturing. Int J Mach Tool Manu 48(7):878–886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Zhang G, To S, Xiao G (2014) Novel tool wear monitoring method in ultra-precision raster milling using cutting chips. Precis Eng 38(3):555–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Zhou J, Pang C, Lewis F, Zhong Z (2009) Intelligent diagnosis and prognosis of tool wear using dominant feature identification. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 5(4):454–464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Wu Y, Hong G, Wong W (2015) Prognosis of the probability of failure in tool condition monitoring application-a time series based approach. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 76(1–4):513–521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Girardin F, Rémond D, Rigal J (2010) Tool wear detection in milling - an original approach with a non-dedicated sensor. Mech Syst Signal Pr 24(6):1907–1920

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Wang G, Guo Z, Qian L (2014) Online incremental learning for tool condition classification using modified fuzzy ARTMAP network. J Intell Manuf 25(6):1403–1411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Wang G, Yang Y, Li Z (2014) Force sensor based tool condition monitoring using a heterogeneous ensemble learning model. Sensors 14(11):21588–21602

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Salehinejad H, Barfett J, Valaee S, Dowdell T (2017) Training neural networks with very little data—a draft. Arxiv, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.04347.pdf

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for support from the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51405346), the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. LY17E050005), and the Wenzhou City Public Industrial Science and Technology Project of China (Grant Nos. G20160015 and G20170009). We also thank LetPub (www.LetPub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wei Xue.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhou, Y., Xue, W. Review of tool condition monitoring methods in milling processes. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 96, 2509–2523 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-1768-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-1768-5

Keywords

Navigation