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Expression of biological markers in gingival crevicular fluid of teeth with orthodontically induced root resorption

Expression biologischer Marker in der gingivalen Sulkusflüssigkeit bei kieferorthopädisch induzierter Wurzelresorption

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Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Aim

The goal was to investigate interleukin‑1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as potential biomarkers for orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoassay (ELISA).

Materials and methods

In all, 74 subjects were assigned to one of three groups: (1) orthodontic group included orthodontic patients who showed radiographic evidence of 1–3 mm root resorption of a maxillary central incisor, (2) pediatric group included pediatric patients who showed radiographic evidence of physiologic root resorption of a lower second primary molar, and (3) control group included subjects who had no orthodontic treatment and showed no radiographic evidence of root resorption. Samples from the GCF were collected with endodontic absorbent paper points inserted 1 mm below the gingival margin of the tooth. The IL-1ra and DSPP levels were evaluated using ELISA.

Results

The IL-1ra levels were 657.5 ± 51.5, 319.9 ± 181.3, and 129.4 ± 54.9 pg/ml for the control, orthodontic, and pediatric groups, respectively. The DSPP levels were 1.6 ± 1.0, 30.1 ± 9.6, and 39.2 ± 3.3 pg/ml for the control, orthodontic, and pediatric groups, respectively. Post hoc analyses revealed significant differences for IL-1ra and DSPP between any two groups. Sensitivity and specificity of IL-1ra for the diagnosis of OIRR showed 80% reliability and a cutoff value of ≤432.6 pg/ml, while the analysis of DSPP showed 100% reliability and a cutoff value of ≥7.33 pg/ml.

Conclusions

The levels of IL-1ra and DSPP detected in the orthodontic and pediatric groups indicate a possible association with OIRR. Efforts to develop tests for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring OIRR based on biological markers should continue.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel

Ziel war es, die Konzentrationen des Interleukin-1-Rezeptorantagonisten (IL-1ra) und des Dentin-Sialophosphoproteins (DSPP) in der gingivalen Sulkusflüssigkeit (GCF) als potenzielle Biomarker für die kieferorthopädisch induzierte Wurzelresorption (OIRR) mithilfe eines Enzym-Immunoassays (ELISA) zu untersuchen.

Materialien und Methoden

Insgesamt wurden 74 Probanden einer von 3 Gruppen zugeordnet: (1) die kieferorthopädische Gruppe umfasste kieferorthopädische Patienten, die röntgenologische Anzeichen einer 1‑3 mm großen Wurzelresorption eines zentralen Oberkieferschneidezahns zeigten, (2) die pädiatrische Gruppe umfasste pädiatrische Patienten, die röntgenologische Anzeichen einer physiologischen Wurzelresorption eines unteren zweiten Milchmolaren zeigten, und (3) die Kontrollgruppe umfasste Probanden, die keine kieferorthopädische Behandlung hatten und keine röntgenologischen Anzeichen einer Wurzelresorption zeigten. GCF-Proben wurden mit endodontischen, absorbierenden Papierspitzen entnommen, die 1 mm unterhalb des Gingivarandes des Zahns eingeführt wurden. Die IL-1ra- und DSPP-Konzentrationen wurden mittels ELISA-Test ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Die IL-1ra-Spiegel betrugen 657,5 ± 51,5, 319,9 ± 181,3 und 129,4 ± 54,9 pg/ml für die Kontrollgruppe, die kieferorthopädische und die pädiatrische Gruppe. Die DSPP-Konzentrationen lagen bei 1,6 ± 1,0, 30,1 ± 9,6 und 39,2 ± 3,3 pg/ml für die Kontrollgruppe, die kieferorthopädische und die pädiatrische Gruppe. Die Post-hoc-Analysen zeigten für IL-1ra und DSPP signifikante Unterschiede zwischen 2 beliebigen Gruppen. Die Sensitivität und Spezifität von IL-1ra für die Diagnose der OIRR zeigte eine 80%ige Zuverlässigkeit und einen Cut-off-Wert von ≤432,6 pg/ml, während die Analyse von DSPP eine 100%ige Zuverlässigkeit und einen Cut-off-Wert von ≥7,33 pg/ml zeigte.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die in den kieferorthopädischen und pädiatrischen Gruppen festgestellten Werte von IL-1ra und DSPP weisen auf eine mögliche Assoziation mit der OIRR hin. Die Bemühungen um die Entwicklung von Tests für Screening, Diagnose und Überwachung der OIRR auf der Grundlage biologischer Marker sollten fortgesetzt werden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt

    Kholoud Ahmed Abo Mandour, Marwa Ali Tawfeek & Mona A. Montasser

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  1. Kholoud Ahmed Abo Mandour
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  2. Marwa Ali Tawfeek
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  3. Mona A. Montasser
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Correspondence to Mona A. Montasser.

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Conflict of interest

K.A.A. Mandour, M.A. Tawfeek and M.A. Montasser declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical standards

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants or on human tissue were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1975 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The research ethics committee of Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, had approved the study (Reference number: m‑08-07-10-20). Written informed consent to participate and for publication was obtained from each subject or his/her guardian before being enrolled in the study.

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Mandour, K.A.A., Tawfeek, M.A. & Montasser, M.A. Expression of biological markers in gingival crevicular fluid of teeth with orthodontically induced root resorption. J Orofac Orthop 82, 313–320 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-020-00267-x

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