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Impact of specific orthodontic parameters on the oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents

A prospective interdisciplinary, multicentre, cohort study

Auswirkungen spezifischer kieferorthopädischer Parameter auf die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität von Kindern und Jugendlichen

Eine prospektive, interdisziplinäre und multizentrische Kohortenstudie

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Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to analyse the impact of specific orthodontic findings on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) when taking into consideration age and psychological factors in children and adolescents.

Methods

In all, 250 children and adolescents with an indication for orthodontic diagnostics were recruited using a multicentre study design. Using validated and internationally acknowledged questionnaires, we assessed OHRQoL, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), self-esteem and behavioural problems. We also examined a selection of specific orthodontic findings using photos, model casts and cephalometric analyses, and investigated the impact of these parameters on OHRQoL using simple linear regression analyses. Thereafter, we added all the significant specific orthodontic and psychological parameters to a multiple linear regression model using a stepwise forwards selection procedure.

Results

We were able to identify different specific orthodontic findings that have a significant impact on OHRQoL. These were the type of lip closure, the position of the chin, the Little-index of the upper jaw, the overjet, the overbite and the ANB angle. Moreover, we were able to demonstrate that psychological and some specific orthodontic parameters have a significant impact on OHRQoL.

Conclusion

Specific orthodontic findings have a significant impact on patients’ perceived OHRQoL. Further longitudinal studies are required to investigate whether the treatment and correction of these malocclusions also improve the OHRQoL of children and adolescents.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel

Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die Auswirkungen spezifischer kieferorthopädischer Parameter auf die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität unter Berücksichtigung demographischer und psychologischer Einflussfaktoren zu untersuchen.

Methodik

Mittels multizentrischer Patientenakquise wurden 250 Patienten mit Indikation für eine kieferorthopädische Befundung in die Studie eingeschlossen. Mithilfe validierter und international anerkannter Fragebogeninstrumente wurden die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (MLQ), die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (GLQ), das Selbstwertgefühl und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten der Patienten ermittelt. Als kieferorthopädische Parameter wurden Befunde aus der Photostat-Untersuchung, Modellanalyse und Fernröntgenseitenanalyse einbezogen und mittels linearer Regressionsanalysen auf signifikante Zusammenhänge mit der MLQ untersucht. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde durch schrittweise Aufnahme aller signifikanten kieferorthopädischen und psychologischen Parameter ein multiples lineares Regressionsmodell aufgestellt.

Ergebnisse

Für folgende kieferorthopädische Parameter konnte ein signifikanter Zusammenhang mit der MLQ nachgewiesen werden: Lippenschluss, Profiltyp, Little-Index für den Oberkiefer, Overjet, Overbite und ANB-Winkel. Zudem konnte gezeigt werden, dass sowohl psychologische als auch spezifische kieferorthopädische Parameter gemeinsam einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die MLQ haben.

Zusammenfassung

Spezifische kieferorthopädische Parameter haben einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die vom Patienten empfundene MLQ. Mittels weiterer Studien bleibt zu klären, ob durch die Korrektur von Zahn- und Kieferfehlstellungen die MLQ der Patienten verbessert werden kann.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the German Orthodontic Society (Wissenschaftsfonds der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kieferorthopädie—129/2017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany

    Felix Kunz, Stefan Keß, Laura Geim & Angelika Stellzig-Eisenhauer

  2. Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

    Petra Platte

  3. Centre for Clinical Studies, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Florian Zeman

  4. Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Peter Proff

  5. Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany

    Ursula Hirschfelder

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  1. Felix Kunz
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  2. Petra Platte
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Correspondence to Felix Kunz.

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Conflict of interest

F. Kunz, P. Platte, S. Keß, L. Geim, F. Zeman, P. Proff, U. Hirschfelder and A. Stellzig-Eisenhauer declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical standards

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants or on human tissue were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1975 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Kunz, F., Platte, P., Keß, S. et al. Impact of specific orthodontic parameters on the oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents. J Orofac Orthop 80, 174–183 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-019-00181-x

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