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Non-flying and flying macroinvertebrates show similar beta diversity patterns caused by different factors at two spatial scales in Amazon streams

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Abstract

We evaluated the beta diversity patterns of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages at two spatial scales in streams in the Eastern Amazon, as well as tested whether environmental and spatial factors affected these assemblage patterns differently for non-flying (i.e., shrimps) and flying (i.e., insects) macroinvertebrate groups. Fifteen streams were sampled, focusing on two hierarchical spatial levels: sampling units (length: five meters) and stream sites (length: 150 m). We additively partitioned gamma diversity to test the relative importance of each spatial level to regional diversity. The total beta diversity at each spatial level was decomposed into the components of replacement and abundance difference. To test whether there was an effect of spatial distances and environmental variables on the dissimilarity matrices, we used multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM). Our results showed that: (1) In both macroinvertebrate groups, alpha diversity contributed less than beta diversity, and dissimilarity between stream sites presented a greater contribution to gamma diversity; (2) the decomposition of beta diversity showed similar patterns in both groups and between the two spatial levels, with a greater contribution of abundance difference than replacement; and (3) the MRM models showed that only environmental distance was important to explain beta diversity of insects, while for shrimps both environmental and spatial distances were significant. We conclude that different ecological processes and environmental variables were important to explain the distributions of insects and shrimps, which is probably related to the different dispersal modes and environmental niche requirements.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available because it is still being used by other partners of the project, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Aquatic Invertebrate Lab of the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, especially to Dra. Daiane Aviz, for helping in the identification of decapods. We would also like to thank all graduate students involved in the sampling, sorting and identification of biological material. MSc. Naiara Raiol provided technical support in the elaboration of the modeling of river distances.

Funding

“Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico” (CNPq) financed the field sampling (Edital Universal MCTI/CNPQ No 14/2014, Proc. 461032/2014-7). “Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior” (CAPES) financed the Postgraduate scholarship of Alexandre Sampaio de Siqueira. Raphael Ligeiro received grants from CAPES/PROCAD–Amazônia 2018 (Proc. Núm.:88887.200518/2018-00).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation (LABECO), Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil

    Alexandre Sampaio de Siqueira & Raphael Ligeiro

  2. Laboratory of Research in Marine Environmental Monitoring (LAPMAR), Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil

    Solana Meneghel Boschilia

  3. Laboratory of Aquatic Invertebrates, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil

    Cleverson Rannieri Meira dos Santos

  4. Freshwater Centre, Finnish Environmental Institute (SYKE), Oulu, Finland

    Jani Heino

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  1. Alexandre Sampaio de Siqueira
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  2. Solana Meneghel Boschilia
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  3. Cleverson Rannieri Meira dos Santos
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  4. Jani Heino
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  5. Raphael Ligeiro
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ASS- conception and design of the study, data processing analysis and interpretation, drafting the manuscript; SMB- critical review and interpretation; CRMS- obtained data, species identification and critical review; JH- design of the study data processing analysis and interpretation; RL-conception and design of the study, data processing analysis and interpretation, drafting the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Alexandre Sampaio de Siqueira.

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de Siqueira, A.S., Boschilia, S.M., dos Santos, C.R.M. et al. Non-flying and flying macroinvertebrates show similar beta diversity patterns caused by different factors at two spatial scales in Amazon streams. Aquat Sci 83, 62 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-021-00816-5

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