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Impact of Moisture Transport and Boundary Layer Processes on a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Using the WRF Model

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Abstract

In this work the very severe cyclonic storm Thane which formed over the Bay of Bengal during 25–31 December 2011 and struck the East coast of India was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Advanced Research WRF (WRF-ARW) mesoscale model. Normally, very severe cyclones rarely form in this late season. The moisture transport, intensity, track and structure of the cyclone is analyzed through vertically integrated moisture flux convergence and planetary boundary layer physics of the Yonsei University (YSU), Mellor–Yamada–Janjic (MYJ) and Asymmetrical Convective Model version 2 (ACM2) schemes. Cyclonic circulation and moisture convergence are seen 6 days ahead of the development of the cyclone and strengthened by the transport of moisture advected from the South China Sea. From the three planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes, the YSU scheme gives better results both qualitatively and quantitatively for the moisture flux convergence. The MYJ scheme produced the least errors for cyclone intensity from genesis to the landfall stage, while the ACM2 scheme gave better results after landfall. The track of the cyclone with the YSU scheme produced the least errors throughout the life cycle which gives the least landfall error. The structure of the cyclone in terms of tangential winds, the spatial distribution of cloud bands, vertical cross section of temperature anomaly, relative humidity and vertical winds was well simulated by the ACM2 scheme.

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Acknowledgements

The work presented in this paper is carried out under a research grant from the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS), DAE, Mumbai, India, vide reference 2008/36/89-BRNS/4019 dated 23/03/2009, and the authors acknowledge the same. The authors are thankful to the TRMM, NCEP FNL and GFS data centers for keeping the data sets available in the public domain. The authors also acknowledge the India Meteorological Department for making available all the observations for validation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India

    S. S. V. S. Ramakrishna, Nellipudi Nanaji Rao, B. Ravi Srinivasa Rao & P. Srinivasa Rao

  2. Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India

    C. V. Srinivas

  3. Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

    Hari Prasad Dasari

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  1. S. S. V. S. Ramakrishna
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  4. P. Srinivasa Rao
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  5. C. V. Srinivas
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Correspondence to Nellipudi Nanaji Rao.

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Ramakrishna, S.S.V.S., Rao, N.N., Ravi Srinivasa Rao, B. et al. Impact of Moisture Transport and Boundary Layer Processes on a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Using the WRF Model. Pure Appl. Geophys. 176, 5445–5461 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02279-0

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