Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) are among the major pests of economic importance causing disease in over 5500 plant species across the world incurring national agricultural yield losses up to 14.1%. RKNs circumvent the plant immune system and hijack the cell cycle and metabolism of plants abetted by various effector molecules to successfully establish feeding sites, that is, giant cells. The efficacious management of these parasites necessitates a better understanding of their genetic adaptations underlying their successful evolution of parasitism and the knowledge of associated parasitism genes. Tracing back the origin of this parasitism gene led to the proposition of many theories like horizontal gene transfer, neofunctionalization, and gene duplication. The extensive parasitism of some of the species of Meloidogyne might result from either macroevolutionary events like whole genome duplications and massive HGT or microevolutionary changes like gene family expansions and intragenomic duplications. However, the ancestors of root-knot nematodes are still unknown, and their worldwide occurrence is far from clear. Rapidly developing omic technologies and bioinformatic tools are standing upfront in characterizing parasitism genes, their functions, and associated molecular targets in host plants. Genome sequences of highly parasitic species, effector profiling, and plant susceptible gene studies will increase our understanding in this respect. A better understanding of the functions of these parasitism genes is hindered by the absence of homologous protein databases, insufficient information on deciphered functions of these homologous proteins, or the non-amenability of these microscopic biotrophs for molecular transformation. This chapter is an attempt to put forth a detailing of parasitism genes of Meloidogyne spp., their origin, different signature events for adaptation of parasitism, genetic maps as well sequencing of these genes, and various techniques under use to understand parasitism genes.
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Mounika, A. et al. (2023). Current and Future Studies on the Genes for Parasitism in Meloidogyne. In: Ahmad, F., Blázquez, G.N. (eds) Root-Galling Disease of Vegetable Plants. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3892-6_5
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Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-3891-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-3892-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)