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Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cardiovascular Health and Hypertension

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Role of Microbes in Sustainable Development

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality. Microbiota are closely associated with cardiovascular disease. There is much evidence that supports the aetiology of many cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and related risk states such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery diseases, myocardial infarction, obesity or dyslipidaemia, heart failure, chronic kidney diseases, and diabetes mellitus may be influenced by gut microbial dysbiosis. In addition to dysbiosis, the metabolic potential of gut microbiota (producing bioactive metabolites) also has an effect on host physiology since it enters the systemic circulation and may amplify the inflammatory response. Moreover, it has been shown to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders. There are several mechanisms by which the microbiota communicates with the host, including the trimethylamine/trimethylamine N-oxide pathway, the short-chain fatty acid pathway, and the primary and secondary bile acid pathways. It has been hypothesized that these pathways may also play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease. This chapter is mostly about learning about the dynamic relationship between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease, with a focus on the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications of hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery diseases, myocardial infarction, obesity or dyslipidaemia, heart failure, chronic kidney diseases, and diabetes mellitus.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Sachin Kumar, Avesh Choubey, Anuj Sharma, Amey Jedhe, Kalash Pandey & Azhar Khan

  2. Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini, India

    Aman Prakash

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  1. Sachin Kumar
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  1. INSA Senior Scientist and Professor Emeritus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India

    R.C. Sobti

  2. Former Vice Chancellor, Central University, Haryana, India

    Ramesh Chander Kuhad

  3. Professor Emeritus, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Rup Lal

  4. Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India

    Parveen Rishi

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Kumar, S. et al. (2023). Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cardiovascular Health and Hypertension. In: Sobti, R., Kuhad, R.C., Lal, R., Rishi, P. (eds) Role of Microbes in Sustainable Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3126-2_15

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