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Impacts of Climate Alterations on the Biosynthesis of Defensive Natural Products

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Photoprotective Green Pharmacology: Challenges, Sources and Future Applications

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Abstract

Climate change fluctuations, specifically CO2 concentration, temperature, rainfall patterns, droughts, and soil salinity, are increasing due to anthropogenic activities. These variations are identified as major constraints to plant survival and therefore limit plant growth and productivity. Photosynthesis inhibition, excessive ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, biomass reduction, increased pathogen infestation, and ultimately lower yields are the major limiting attributes that have attracted a lot of attention from researchers worldwide. Since climate change predictions indicate that ecological damage will be more frequent and severe in the upcoming futuristic scenarios, the question of fulfilling the food requirement of the ever-growing population becomes imperative. Plants are sensitive to the effects of climate change. Alterations in photosynthesis and carbon assimilation mechanisms are attributed to reduced productivity. To cope with these stresses, secondary metabolite production elicits defensive responses in plants. These natural by-products are synthesized from primary metabolites and protect against various abiotic and biotic stresses. Synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites differ among plant species growing in different environmental conditions. Phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, glucosinolates, and so on are a useful array of natural products that increase plant resistance against various stresses. Although these are synthesized in minimal concentrations, they display a crucial role in the scavenging of ROS molecules.

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Acknowledgments

P.S. is thankful to CSIR, New Delhi, India, for the Junior Research Fellowship (F. No.: 09/0013(12956)/2021-EMR-I). K.K.C. is grateful to UGC-BSR Start-up Grant (No. F. 30-432/2018(BSR)), New Delhi, India, and to the seed grant, Institute of Eminence (IoE—Dev. Scheme no. 6031), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Pooja Singh & Krishna Kumar Choudhary

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  1. Pooja Singh
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  2. Krishna Kumar Choudhary
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Correspondence to Krishna Kumar Choudhary .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vinod K. Kannaujiya

  2. Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rajeshwar P. Sinha

  3. Department of Biotechnology, S. S. Khanna Girls’ Degree College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Md. Akhlaqur Rahman

  4. Center of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shanthy Sundaram

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Singh, P., Choudhary, K.K. (2023). Impacts of Climate Alterations on the Biosynthesis of Defensive Natural Products. In: Kannaujiya, V.K., Sinha, R.P., Rahman, M.A., Sundaram, S. (eds) Photoprotective Green Pharmacology: Challenges, Sources and Future Applications. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0749-6_6

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