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Targeting Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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Targeting Cellular Signalling Pathways in Lung Diseases

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also known as chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) or chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), is the leading cause of disability worldwide. It is an increasing worldwide health issue and becomes the third most important reason of mortality and the fifth commonest cause of ill health and compromised quality of life in the world by 2020. Cigarette smoking is one of the prominent causes for pathological development of COPD. In addition, alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is an inherited condition, which is associated with COPD. The two main peculiar features of the disease are chronic bronchitis (contraction of airways/bronchi due to inflammation) and emphysema (damage of alveolar wall). COPD is recognised by increased number of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, neutrophils (NPHs) and alveolar macrophages (MPs) and number of inflammatory mediators like growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms are also involved in pathophysiological progression of inflammatory COPD. The pulmonary inflammation may also responsible for growth, progression and development of lung cancer. Plasma levels of elastolytic enzymes such as serine proteases, cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) are highly increased in COPD. The pulmonary inflammation leads to development of systemic inflammation and other comorbid disorders. The disease is progressive and inflammation is predominant in comparison to asthma which seems to be resistant towards corticosteroid treatment. Specific treatment options that are working against the remodelling and inflammation need to be developed for the treatment of COPD. Hence, the present book chapter will discuss about the strategies for targeting COPD at cellular and molecular levels including their signalling pathways.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, India

    Shvetank Bhatt, Jovita Kanoujia & A. N. Nagappa

  2. Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MCOPS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India

    K. Sreedhara R. Pai

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  1. Shvetank Bhatt
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  2. Jovita Kanoujia
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  3. A. N. Nagappa
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  4. K. Sreedhara R. Pai
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Correspondence to Shvetank Bhatt .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Health, Discipline of Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Kamal Dua

  2. Drug Development and Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Raimar Löbenberg

  3. Haematology and Hemotherapy Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Ângela Cristina Malheiros Luzo

  4. Graduate School of Health, Discipline of Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Shakti Shukla

  5. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Division of Research & Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

    Saurabh Satija

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Bhatt, S., Kanoujia, J., Nagappa, A.N., Pai, K.S.R. (2021). Targeting Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. In: Dua, K., Löbenberg, R., Malheiros Luzo, Â.C., Shukla, S., Satija, S. (eds) Targeting Cellular Signalling Pathways in Lung Diseases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6827-9_5

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