Abstract
This chapter retraces 50 years of personal research in microwaves, electromagnetic fields, and computational electromagnetics from an autobiographical perspective. It begins with early work on microwave ferrites at the RWTH Aachen and the University of Grenoble during the 1960s, and continues with theoretical and experimental research on planar and quasi-planar microwave circuits during the 1970s at the University of Ottawa. In the 1980s, my research focus began to shift progressively toward computational electromagnetics, and in the early 1990s at the University of Victoria it became the central theme of my work. Finally, the first decade of the second millennium brought novel materials with revolutionary properties and potential for innovative devices, requiring sophisticated techniques for modeling, measurement, and manufacturing at the nanometer scale. The activities and contributions of my research team during the past 50 years at the Universities of Aachen (Germany), Grenoble (France), Ottawa and Victoria (Canada), and finally at the A-STAR Institute of High-Performance Computing (Singapore), form the subject of this personal account.
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References
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L.R.A.X. de Menezes, W.J.R. Hoefer, Modeling nonlinear dispersive media in 2D TLM, in 24th Europ. Microwave Conference Dig., vol. 2, pp. 1739–1744, Cannes, Sep. 5–8, 1994
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J. L. Herring, W.J.R. Hoefer, R.L. Zwick, TLM modeling of a RF/Vacuum wood drying kiln, in 1995 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium Dig., p. 146, Seattle, WA, Jul. 24–28, 1995
C. Eswarappa, W.J.R. Hoefer, Bridging the gap between TLM and FDTD. IEEE Microw. Guid. Wave Lett. 6(1), 4–6 (1996)
Q. Zhang, W.J.R. Hoefer, J. Huang, K. Wu, Dispersion analysis of TLM node for modeling general anisotropic and gyromagnetic materials, in IEEE International Microwave Symposium Dig., vol. 2, pp. 1039–1042, San Francisco, CA, Jun. 17–21, 1996
G. Tardioli, W.J.R. Hoefer, Derivation of the SCN-TLM node scattering matrix from the integral formulation of Maxwell’s equations, in 2nd International Workshop on TLM Dig., pp. 36–47, Munich, Germany, Oct. 29–31, 1997
M. Fujii, W.J.R. Hoefer, Formulation of a haar-wavelet-based multi-resolution analysis similar to the 3D-FDTD method, in 1998 IEEE-MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Dig., pp. 1393–1396, Baltimore, Maryland, June 7–12, 1998
G. Tardioli, M. Righi, L. Cascio, W.J.R. Hoefer, R. McFarlane, TLM modeling and TDR validation of soil moisture probe for environmental sensing, in 14th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics Dig., pp. 367–373, Monterey, California, March 16–20, 1998
M. Fujii, P.P.M. So, E. Hu, W. Liu, W.J.R. Hoefer, Hybrid combination between TLM and Haar MRTD algorithms, in 3rd International Workshop on TLM Dig., University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France, Oct. 1999
I. Barba, J. Represa, M. Fujii, W.J.R. Hoefer, Multi-resolution based TLM technique using Haar wavelets, in 16th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics Dig., Monterey, California, pp. 534–539, March 2000
M. Fujii, W.J.R. Hoefer, Application of wavelet-Galerkin method to electrically-large optical waveguide problems, in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Dig., Boston, MA, June 2000
M. Fujii, W.J.R. Hoefer, A wavelet formulation of finite difference method: full vector analysis of optical waveguide junctions. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 37(8), 1015–1029 (2001)
P.P.M. So, W.J.R. Hoefer, A multi-threaded time domain TLM algorithm for symmetric multi-processing computers, in 2001 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Dig., Phoenix, AZ, May 22–24, 2001
E.Q. Hu, W.J.R. Hoefer, Performance of three-dimensional graded ADI-FDTD algorithm, in 2001 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Dig., Phoenix, AZ, May 22–24, 2001
P.P.M. So, W.J.R. Hoefer, A TLM-SPICE interconnection framework for coupled field and circuit analysis in the time domain. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. MTT-50(12), 2728–2733 (2002)
P.P.M. So, M.H. Bakr and W.J.R. Hoefer, A paradigm for electromagnetic field synthesis by monochromatic injection, in 18th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics Dig., Monterey, California, March 2002
P.P.M. So, M.H. Bakr, W.J.R. Hoefer, The generation of optimal microwave topologies using time domain field synthesis. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. MTT-50(11), 2537–2544 (2002)
M. Fujii, P. Russer, W.J.R. Hoefer, Numerical modeling of an optical beam splitter by the time-domain wavelet-collocation technique, in 14th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications (MICON 2002) Dig., pp. 541–544, 2002
A. Sallier, J. Bornemann, W.J.R. Hoefer, Field-based waveguide filter synthesis in the time domain, Invited paper. AEÜ Int. J. Electron. Commun. 57(2), 119–127 (2003)
A. Grande, I. Barba, A.C.L. Cabeceira, J. Represa, P.P.M. So, W.J.R. Hoefer, FDTD modeling of transient microwave signals in dispersive and lossy bi-isotropic media. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. MTT-52(3), 773–784 (2004)
P.P.M. So, W.J.R. Hoefer, Time domain TLM modeling of metamaterials with negative refractive index, in 2004 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Dig., pp. 1779–1782, Fort Worth, TX, Jun. 6–11, 2004
P.P.M. So, H. Du, W.J.R. Hoefer, Modeling of metamaterials with negative refractive index using 2D-shunt and 3D-SCN TLM networks. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. (Special Issue on Metamaterials) MTT-53(4), 1496–1505 (2005)
W.J.R. Hoefer, P.P.M. So, D. Thompson, M.M. Tentzeris, Topology and design of wide-band 3D metamaterials made of periodically loaded transmission line arrays, in 2005 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Dig., paper TU4C-2, pp. 313–316, Long Beach, CA, Jun. 6–11, 2005
D.W. Henke, P.P.M. So, S.M.X. Claude, W.J.R. Hoefer, Embedding the quantum mixer theory into a time domain field solver, in ISSTT 2005 THz Conference Dig., pp. 27–32, Chalmers University, Stockholm, May 2–4, 2005
H. Du, D. Gorcea, P.P.M. So, W.J.R. Hoefer, A new analog behavioral module linking field and PSPICE-circuit simulations for transient analysis, in 2006 EMC-Zurich in Singapore Dig., paper T1-CEM-7-3, pp. 246–249, Singapore, Feb. 27–Mar. 3, 2006
H.S. Chu, W.J.R. Hoefer, Enhancement of time domain analysis and optimization through neural networks. Int. J. RF Microw. Comput. Aided Eng. 17(2), 179–188 (2007)
H.S. Chu, P.P.M. So, W.J.R. Hoefer, Design of microwave structures with MEFISTO-3D NOVA and MATLAB optimization and neural network toolboxes. Int. J. Numer. Model. (Focussed Issue on the 2005 CEM-TD Workshop in Atlanta) 20(1), 55–64 (2007)
A.E. Culhaoglu, M. Zedler, W.J.R. Hoefer, A. Osipov, P. Russer, Full-wave numerical simulation of a finite 3D metamaterial lens, in Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics ACES, pp.989–994, Niagara Falls, Canada, Mar. 30–Apr. 4, 2008
H.-S. Chu, E.P. Li, P. Bai, W.J.R. Hoefer, 3D hybrid plasmonic waveguide components with outstanding performance, in 2010 OSA Optics & Photonics Congress Dig., Paper JTuA4, Tucson, AZ, Jun 7–9, 2010
R.S. Hegde, Zs. Szabó, Y. Kiasat, Y.L. Hor, G.H. Park, E.P. Li, W.J.R. Hoefer, Shedding new light on super-resolution imaging—a spectral domain approach, in Fourth International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics Dig. (Metamorphose-VI), pp. 492–494, Karlsruhe, Germany, Sep. 2010
Y.L. Hor, R.S. Hegde, E.P. Li, W.J.R. Hoefer, Transient study of the dynamic response of the Veselago-Pendry Superlens, in 2011 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Dig., Baltimore, MD, Jun. 5–10, 2011
W.J.R. Hoefer, The superlens as a filter of the spatial spectrum (in Memory of Rüdiger Vahldieck), in 2012 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Dig., Montreal, Canada Jun. 17–22, 2012
Acknowledgments
I am indebted to all my former students, associates, colleagues, and friends who have accompanied me on my journey over the past 50 years, some for a brief time, others for a long stretch; I could not have succeeded without their precious contributions, ideas, and accomplishments. I cherish their inspiring participation and encouragement in my search for whatever lies beyond the horizon of perception; call it the essence, the deeper meaning, or simply the unknown.
I am also grateful to the peoples and governments of Germany, France, Canada, Italy, Switzerland, and Singapore for their precious support that enabled my education and career, and who provided my family and me with rich opportunities to live and grow.
Last, but not least, I am most indebted to Professor Iftikhar Ahmed who has initiated and coordinated this volume and the preceding special session at APEMC 2012 Singapore with considerable skill and dedication, and to Professor Zhizhang (David) Chen who has co-edited this project with him. It is a great honor and pleasure for me to consider it as the 50-years milestone of my research career. Finally, I want to extend my deep appreciation to all the authors who have contributed to this volume. Their talents and achievements are a source of pride for the entire electromagnetics community.
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Hoefer, W.J.R. (2015). Fifty Years of Research in Electromagnetics: A Voyage Back in Time. In: Ahmed, I., Chen, Z. (eds) Computational Electromagnetics—Retrospective and Outlook. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-095-7_1
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