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In Vivo Models for Evaluation of Drug Efficacy: Demand and Challenges

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Drugs and a Methodological Compendium

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Abstract

Drug screening for a disease may take more than 5 to 7 years and typically involves scanning of a number of molecules, acting as potential drug candidates. These drugs are tested for pharmacological as well as toxicological evaluations to uncover their therapeutic applications for a particular disease. These tests followed by clinical trials allow studying the safety, efficacy and pharmacology of that molecule. These tests are conducted on a wide range of in vitro and in vivo model systems. Though in vitro investigations are cost-effective and reduce experimental restrictions, these studies do not closely mimic the live scenario of the biological system. Therefore, in vivo testing is still mandated to comprehensively characterise the therapeutic behaviour of the drug. Further, to assess the human risk upon exposure to the drug, in vitro toxicodynamic results are associated with in vivo toxicokinetics using complex mathematical models. Despite significant breakthroughs in the field of in vitro test systems including 3D cell and organ culture techniques, the translational value of these systems is limited, and still mankind needs to traverse a long road ahead in this field. Undoubtedly, the information provided by in vivo models reflects a closer approximation to humans with respect to drug permeability, distribution, metabolism as well as excretion. In view of these facts, this chapter describes several contemporary animal models representing diverse diseases, employed for testing the efficacy of a drug.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Toxicology Division, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India

    Somya Asthana, Vibha Shukla & Anurag Tripathi

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India

    Vibha Shukla & Anurag Tripathi

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies (MRIIRS), Faridabad, India

    Somya Asthana

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India

    Vikrant Singh Rajput

  2. Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Ashish Runthala

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Asthana, S., Shukla, V., Tripathi, A. (2023). In Vivo Models for Evaluation of Drug Efficacy: Demand and Challenges. In: Rajput, V.S., Runthala, A. (eds) Drugs and a Methodological Compendium . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7952-1_5

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