Abstract
Humankind nowadays embraces living naturally and healthily. Wild edible plants are medicinally and nutritionally rich. Wild food plants are valued like never before in the current scenario. These plants harbour many different species which are less known to modern science. Wild plants can be effectively used for nutrition and medicinal purposes. The global nutraceutical market is growing at a high pace. In India, it is evolving and gaining momentum. Underutilized wild plants possess huge potential for the country to gain foreign exchange. Incorporation of wild edible plants into the diet is indeed essential for the well-being of humankind. It is essential to raise scientific backup and popularization of this idea. The value of a useful wild edible plant species should account for its nutraceutical value and contribution towards biodiversity. Most of these species are less known and there is no proper documentation on their population estimation and conservation needs. Thus, there is a great scope for this newly emerging science along with incorporating traditional knowledge in research and quality improvement by considering the global climatic events which harms the persistence of wild edible plant species. This chapter discusses the nutraceutical potential of some of the wild edible plants of India.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abberton M, Batley J, Bentley A, Bryant J, Cai H, Cockram J (2016) Global agricultural intensification during climate change: a role for genomics. Plant Biotechnol J 14:1095–1098
Abbet CR, Mayor D, Roguet R, Spichiger M, Hamburger, Potterat O (2014) Ethnobotanical survey on wild alpine food plants in Lower and Central Valais (Switzerland). J Ethnopharmacol 151:624–634
Agrahar-Murugkar D, Subbulakshmi G (2005a) Nutritive values of wild edible and species consumed by the Khasi tribe of India. Ecol Food Nutr 44:207–223
Agrahar-Murugkar D, Subbulakshmi GJFC (2005b) Nutritional value of edible wild mushrooms collected from the Khasi hills of Meghalaya. Food Chem 89:599–603
Albert S (2012) Food security for Africa: an urgent global challenge. Agric Food Secur 1:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/2048-7010-1-2
Alebie G, Urga B, Worku A (2017) Systematic review on traditional medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in Ethiopia: trends and perspectives. Malar J 16:307–320
Apostolidis E, Lee CM (2016) Emerging sources for marine nutraceuticals. In: Vattem DA, Maitin V (eds) Functional foods, nutraceuticals and natural products. DEStech Publications Inc., p 797
Akhtar N, Jipson J, Callanan MA (2001) Learning words through overhearing. Child development 72:416–430
Aremu AO, Finnie JF, Van Staden J (2012) Potential of South African medicinal plants used as anthelmintics—their efficacy, safety concerns and reappraisal of current screening methods. S Afr J Bot 82:314–150
Arnold JEM, Perez MR (2001) Can Non Timber Forest Products match tropical forest conservation, development objectives? Ecol Econ 39:437–447
Asfaw Z (2009) The future of wild food plants in southern Ethiopia: ecosystem conservation coupled with enhancement of the roles of key social groups. Acta Hortic 806:701–708
Asfaw Z, Tadesse M (2001) Prospects for the sustainable use and development of wild food plants in Ethiopia. Econ Bot 55:47–62
Behera TK, Behera S, Bharathi LK, John KJ, Simon PW, Staub JE (2010) 2 bitter gourd: botany, horticulture, breeding. Hort rev 37:101
Bhatt ID, Sandeep R, Amit B, Ranbeer SR (2017) Nutraceutical potential of selected wild edible fruits of the Indian Himalayan region. Food Chem 215:84–91
Bhutia KD, Suresh CP, Nazir PA, Shukla G, Chakravrty S (2018) Nutraceutical potential of some wild edible fruits of Sikkim, Himalaya. India Ethno Med 12:106–112
Bohin L, Goransson U, Alsmark C et al (2010) Natural products in modern life sciences. Phytochem Rev 9(2):279–301
Brahma S, Narzary H, Basumatary S (2013) Wild edible fruits of Kokrajhar district of Assam, North-East India. Asian J Plant Sci Res 3(6):95–100
Burlingame B (2000) Wild nutrition. J Food Compost Anal 13:99–100
Calucci L, Pinzono C, Zandomeneghi M, Capocchi A (2003) Effects of gamma-irradiation on the free radical and antioxidant contents in nine aromatic herbs and spices. J Agric Food Chem 51:927–934
Ceccanti C, Landi M, Incrocci L, Pardossi A, Venturi F, Taglieri I, Ferroni G, Guidi L (2020) Comparison of three domestications and wild-harvested plants for nutraceutical properties and sensory profiles in five wild edible herbs: is domestication possible? Foods 9:1065. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081065
Chatterjee R, Maitra S (2014) An inventory of the diversity and ethnomedicinal properties of cucurbitaceous vegetables in the homestead gardens of Sub Himalayan Districts of West Bengal, India. Res Rev J Bot Sci 3:40–45
Chauhan B, Kumar G, Kalam N, Ansari SH (2013) Current concepts and prospects of herbal nutraceutical: a review. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 4(1):4–8
Cordain L, Eaton SB, Sebastian A (2005) Origins and evolution of the western diet: health implications for the 21st century. Am J Clin Nutr 81:341–354
Cragg GM, Newman DJ, Snader KM (1997) Natural Products in drug discovery and development. J Nat Prod 60:52–60
De Medeiros PM, Barbosa DM, dos Santos GMC, da Silva RRV (2021) Wild food plant popularization and biocultural conservation: challenges and perspectives. In: Jacob MCM, Albuquerque UP (eds) Local food plants of Brazil. Ethnobiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69139-4_16
Delang CO (2006) The role of wild food plants in poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation in tropical countries. Prog Dev Stud 4:275–286
Dierick D, Hölscher D (2009) Species-specific tree water use characteristics in reforestation stands in the Philippines. Agr For Meteorol 149:1317–1326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.03.003
Dogan Y, Ugulu U, Durkan N (2013) Wild edible plants sold in the local markets of Izmir, Turkey. Pak J Bot 45:177–184
Dolezal M, Velisek J, Famfulikova P (2001) Chemical composition of less-known wild fruits. Biologically—active phytochemicals in food: analysis, metabolism, bioavailability and function. In: Proceedings of the Eurofoodchem XI Meeting. pp 26–28
Duguma HT (2020) Wild edible plant nutritional contribution and consumer perception in Ethiopia. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020
Egea-Gilabert C, Niñirola D, Conesa E, Candela ME, Fernández JA (2013) Agronomical use as baby leaf salad of Silene vulgaris based on morphological, biochemical and molecular traits. Sci Hortic 152:35–43
Edison S, Unnikrishnan M, Vimala B (2006) Biodiversity of tropical tuber crops in India. National Biodiversity Authority, Chennai, pp 3–60
Emanuel PL, Shackleton CM, Baxter JS (2005) Modelling the sustainable harvest of Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra fruits in the South African lowveld. For Ecol Manag 214:91–103
Gami B, Pathak S, Parabia M (2012) Ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological review of Mimusops elengi Linn. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2:743–748
García-Herrera P, Sánchez-Mata MC, Cámara M, Fernández-Ruiz V, Díez-Marqués C, Molina M, Tardío J (2014) Nutrient composition of six wild edible Mediterranean Asteraceae plants of dietary interest. J Food Compost Anal 34:163–170
Gras A, Hidalgo O, D’Ambrosio U, Parada M, Garnatje T, Vallès J (2021) The role of botanical families in medicinal ethnobotany: a phylogenetic perspective. Plants 10:163
Holm JA, Miller CJ, Cropper WP (2008) Population dynamics of the dioecious Amazonian palm Mauritia flexuosa: simulation analysis of sustainable harvesting. Biotropica 40:550–558
Hussein RA, El-Anssary AA (2018) Plants secondary metabolites: the key drivers of the pharmacological actions of medicinal plants. In: Builders PF (ed) Herbal medicine. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76139
Ignacimuthu S, Ayyanar M, Sankarasivaraman K (2008) Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by Paliyar tribals in Theni district of Tamil Nadu, India. Fitoterapia 79:562–568
IUCN (2021) The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2014.3. http://www.iucnredlist.org/
Jain N, Ramawat KG (2013) Nutraceuticals and antioxidants in prevention of diseases. Nat prod 2559–2580
Jhansi D, Manjula K (2013) Functional and nutraceutical properties of herbals and its applications in food. Int J Sci Res 5:196–198
Kala CP, Sajwan BS (2007) Revitalizing Indian systems of herbal medicine by the national medicinal plants board through institutional networking and capacity building. Curr Sci 93:797–806
Kala BK, Mohan VR (2010) Chemical composition and nutritional evaluation of lesser known pulses of the genus, Mucuna. Adv Biores 1:105–116
Kathleen C, Stephen D (2013) Nutraceuticals: what are they and do they work? vol 7. Kentucky Equine Research, Inc., Versailles, pp 1–50
Kesavan PC, Swaminathan MS (2008) Strategies and models for agricultural sustainability in developing Asian countries. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 363:877–891
Khan MSA, Ahmad I (2019) Herbal medicine: current trends and future prospects. In: Khan MSA, Ahmad I, Chattopadhyay D (eds) New look to phytomedicine advancements in herbal products as novel drug leads. Apple Publishers, pp 657–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-01165-5
Kumar VP, Chauhan NS, Padh H, Rajani M (2006) Search for antibacterial and antifungal agents from selected Indian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 107:182–188
Kumar S, Jena PK (2016) Tools from biodiversity: wild nutraceutical plants. Mathematical advances towards sustainable environmental systems. pp 181–213
Kumar S, Parida AK, Jena PK (2013) Ethno-medico-biology of ban aalu (Dioscorea species): a neglected tuber crops of Odisha, India. Int J Pharm Life Sci 4:3143–3150
Kumari P, Joshi GC, Tewari LM (2011) Diversity and status of ethno-medicinal plants of Almora district in Uttarakhand, India. Int J Biodivers Conserv 3:298–326
Kusters K, Achdiawan R, Belcher B, Pérez MR (2006) Balancing development and conservation? An assessment of livelihood and environmental outcomes of nontimber forest product trade in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Ecol Soc 11:20
Larsen HO, Olsen CS, Boon TE (2000) The non-timber forest policy process in Nepal: actors, objectives and power. For Policy Econ 1:267–281
Lepcha LD, Shukla G, Moonis M, Bhat JA, Kumar M, Chakravarty S (2022) Seasonal relation of NTFPs and socio-economic indicators to the household income of the forest-fringe communities of Jaldapara National Park. Acta Ecol Sin 42:180–187
Lowore J (2020) Understanding the livelihood implications of reliable honey trade in the Miombo woodlands in Zambia. Front For Glob Chang 3:28
Mahapatra AK, Panda PC (2012) Wild edible fruit diversity and its significance in the livelihood of indigenous tribals: evidence from eastern India. Food Secur 4:219–234
Mahishi P, Srinivasa BH, Shivanna MB (2005) Medicinal plant wealth of local communities in some villages in Shimoga District of Karnataka, India. J Ethnopharmacol 98:307–312
Majumdar K, Datta BK (2009) Traditional wild edible fruits for the forest dwellers of Tripura, India. East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy. Pleione 3:167–178
Malla S, Shukla G, Chakravarty S (2012) Utilization and conservation of wild plants by the tribal communities of Tripura. Indian For 138:1002–1007
Misra RC, Sahoo HK, Pani DR, Bhandari DC (2013) Genetic resources of wild tuberous food plants traditionally used in Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, India. Genet Resour Crop Evol 60:2033–2054. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-013-9971-6
Mogole L, Omwoyo W, Mtunzi F (2020) Phytochemical screening, anti-oxidant activity and α-amylase inhibition study using different extracts of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaves. Heliyon 6:e04736
Mohammed R, Israt JM, Fahmidul HAKM, Ariful Md. HM, Parvin K, Rownak J, Majeedul HC, Taufiq R (2009) An ethnobotanical survey and pharmacological evaluation of medicinal plants used by the Garo Tribal Community living in Netrakona district, Bangladesh. Adv Nat Appl Sci 3:402–418
Momin KC, Sangma AN, Suresh CP, Singh YS, Rao SR (2018) Blood fruit [Haematocarpus validus (Miers) Bakh. f. ex Forman]—a potential nutraceutical and therapeutic fruit plant. Int J Min Fruits Med Aromat Plant 4:44–49
Motamed SM, Naghibi F (2010) Antioxidant activity of some edible plants of the Turkmen Sahra region in northern Iran. Food Chem 119:1637–1642
Moyo M, Adeyemi O, Aremu, Staden JV (2015) Medicinal plants: an invaluable, dwindling resource in sub-Saharan Africa. J Ethnopharmacol 174:595–606
Namrata, Kumar L, Ghosh D, Dwivedi SC, Singh B (2011) Wild edible plants of Uttarakhand Himalaya: a potential neutraceutical source. J Med Plant Res 5:670–684
Nazarudeen A (2010) Nutritional composition of some lesser-known fruits used by ethnic communities and local folks of Kerala. Indian J Tradit Knowl 9:398–402
Nwosu OK, Ubaoji KI (2020) Nutraceuticals: history, classification and market demand. In: Egbuna C, Dable Tupas G (eds) Functional foods and nutraceuticals. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 13–22
Olsen CS (2005) Valuation of commercial central Himalayan medicinal plants. Ambio 34:607–610
Onweluzo JC, Onuoha KC, Obanu ZA (1995) Isolation and characterization of proteins of some lesser known tropical legumes of Africa. J food Sci Technol 32:349–351
Okigbo RN, Eme UE, Ogbogu S (2008) Biodiversity and conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants in Africa. Biotechnol Mol Biol Rev 3:127–134
Panda T (2014) Traditional knowledge on wild plants as livelihood food in Odisha, India. J Biol Earth Sci 4:B144–B159
Pandey M, Verma RK, Saraf SA (2010) Nutraceuticals: new era of medicine and health. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 3:11–11
Patil P, Taware S, Kulkarni D (2014) Traditional knowledge of broom preparation from Bhor and Mahad region of western Maharashtra, India. Biosci Discov 5:218–220
Paulsamy S, Kumar PS, Kumar AMA, Kumar PS (2010) Elaeagnus kologa Schlecht.—an under Elaeagnus kologa Schlecht.—an under Nilgiris, the western ghats. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 1:258–260
Paumgarten F, Locatelli B, Witkowski ETF (2018) Wild foods: safety net or poverty trap? A south African case study. Hum Ecol 46:183–195
Payum T, Das AK, Shankar R (2014) Nutraceutical folk food plants used among indigenous people of east Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Am J Pharm Technol Res 4:697–704
Pradhan BK, Badola HK (2008) Ethnomedicinal plant use by Lepcha tribe of Dzonguvalley, bordering Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, in North Sikkim, India. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 4:22
Prasad N, Yang B, Kong KW, Khoo HE, Sun J, Azlan A, Ismail A, Romli ZB (2013) Phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity from Nypa fruticans Wurmb. Fruit. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013:154606. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/154606
Rai P, Vineeta, Shukla G, Manohar KA, Bhat JA, Kumar A, Kumar M, Cabral-Pinto M, Chakravarty S (2021) Carbon storage of single tree and mixed tree dominant species stands in a reserve forest—case study of the Eastern Sub-Himalayan Region of India. Land 10:435. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10040435
Raj AJ, Biswakarma S, Pala NA, Shukla G, Vineeta, Kumar M, Chakravarty S, Bussman RW (2018) Indigenous uses of ethnomedicinal plants among forest-dependent communities of northern Bengal, India. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 14:8
Rajendran SM, Chandrasekhar K, Sundaresan V (2002) Ethnomedicinal lore of Valya tribe in Seithur hills of Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J Tradit Knowl 1:59–71
Rao JP, Rao BV (2014) Need for conservation of red listed medicinal plants from tropical deciduous forests of Maredumilli, Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J Med Plants 106:468–480
Reddy KN, Pattanaik C, Reddy CS, Raju VS (2007) Traditional knowledge on wild food plants in Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Tradit Knowl 6:223–229
Rishi RK (2006) Nutraceutical: borderline between food and drug. Pharma review 2006. https://www.kppub.com/articles/herbal-safety-pharmareviwe-004/nutraceuticals-functional/article/13296428/the-global-market-for-making-for-nutraceuticals-set-for-robust-growth. Accessed 6 Jan 2020
Ros-Tonen MAF (2000) The role of non-timber forest products in sustainable tropical forest management. Holz Roh Werkst 58:196–201
Seal T, Chaudhuri K, Pillai B (2017) Nutraceutical and antioxidant properties of Cucumis hardwickii Royle: a potent wild edible fruit collected from Uttarakhand, India. J pharmacogn phytochem 6:1837–1847
Sena LP, Vanderjagt DJ, Rivera C, Tsin ATC, Muhamadu I, Mahamadou O (1998) Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 52:17–30
Sharma IP, Kanta C, Semwal SC, Goswami N (2017) Wild fruits of Uttarakhand (India): ethnobotanical and medicinal uses. Int J Complement Altern Med 8:1–8
Singh R, Singh S, Jeyabalan G, Ali A (2012) An overview on traditional medicinal plants as aphrodisiac agent. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 1:43–56
Soares WL, Porto MF d S (2009) Estimating the social cost of pesticide use: an assessment from acute poisoning in Brazil. Ecol Econ 68:2721–2728
Suhaj M, Rácová J, Polovka M, Brezová V (2006) Effect of gamma-irradiation on antioxidant activity of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Food Chem 97:696–704
Sundriyal M, Sundriyal RC, Sharma E, Purohit AN (1998) Wild edibles and other useful plants from the Sikkim Himalaya, India. Oecologia 7:43–54
Suresh CP, Bhutia KD, Shukla G, Pradhan K, Chakravarty S (2013) Free list of wild edible fruit species of Sikkim Himalayas, their uses. In: Proc Secur Intl Symp Min Fruits Med Plants. pp 17–37
Taheri Y, Quispe C, Herrera-Bravo J, Sharifi-Rad J, Ezzat SM, Merghany RM, Shaheen S, Azmi L, Mishra AP, Sener B, Kılıç M, Sen S, Acharya K, Nasiri A, Cruz-Martins N, Fokou PVT, Ydyrys A, Bassygarayev Z, Daştan SD, Alshehri MM, Calina D, Cho WC (2022) Urtica dioica-derived phytochemicals for pharmacological and therapeutic applications. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 24:4024331
Thakdeal KL, Debela HF, Dereje BJ (2020) Management and utilization of wild nutraceutical plants. Ethiop J Sci Technol 7:83–97
Thakur M, Rukhsaar S (2014) Qualitative phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, in vitro antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activities in methanolic extracts of Lactarius sanguifluus (Paulet) Fr. J Pure Appl Microbiol 8:4735–4741
Vineeta, Shukla G, Pala NA, Dobhal S, Chakravarty S (2018) Influence of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of Adeanthera pavonina in subhumid region of West Bengal, India. Indian J Trop Biodiv 26:87–91
Wildman REC (2007) Nutraceuticals and functional foods. In: Wildman handbook of nutraceuticals and functional foods, 1st edn. CRC Press, New York, pp 1–9
Yadav M, Dugaya D (2013) Non-timber forest products certification in India: opportunities and challenges. Environ Dev Sustain 15:567–586
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Abha Manohar, K., Thriveni, V., Shukla, G., Chakravarty, S. (2023). Nutraceutical Potential of Tropical Wild Edible Plants of India. In: Kumar, A., Singh, P., Singh, S., Singh, B. (eds) Wild Food Plants for Zero Hunger and Resilient Agriculture. Plant Life and Environment Dynamics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6502-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6502-9_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-6501-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-6502-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)