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Repurposing Anti-inflammatory Agents in the Potential Treatment of SARS-COV-2 Infection

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Drug Repurposing for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Cancer

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Abstract

SARS-Cov-2 is the novel coronavirus with predominantly inflammatory pathogenesis. The inflammation can be initiated and finally aggravated through a number of interconnected inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB, JAK-STAT, MAPK TLRs, iNOS, COX, etc. In the current chapter, these signaling pathways which instigate inflammation in SARS-Cov-2 are discussed. Moreover, drugs inhibiting these pathways in other inflammatory conditions or diseases are either in clinical use as COVID-19 therapy, or have been proposed as potential future therapeutic interventions in this chapter. These repurposing strategies can halt the COVID-19 symptoms as well as disease progression. This was demonstrated by establishing a link between the regulatory actions of these molecules or drugs in the inflammatory pathway like cytokine release against the COVID-19-related inflammatory havoc. Hence, the chapter will provide profound insights in the inflammatory control pertaining to COVID-19 severity and complications.

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Abbreviations

ACE2:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2

ALRs:

AIM2-like receptors

AP-1:

Activator protein-1

ASC:

Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD domain

BAFFR:

B-cell activation factor

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

CLRs:

C-type lectin receptors

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

COX-2:

Cyclo-oxygenase-2

DAMPS:

Damage-associated molecular patterns

DMARDs:

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs

ERK:

Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase

G-CSF:

Granulocyte- Colony stimulating factor

IKK:

IκB kinase

IL-1R:

Interleukin-1 receptor

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

IRF3:

Interferon regulatory factor 3

JAK:

Janus Kinase

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein

MIP-1α:

Macrophage inflammatory product 1 alpha

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells

NIK:

NF-κB-inducing kinase

NLRs:

NOD-like receptors

NSAIDs:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

PAMP:

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

PGG2:

Prostaglandin G2

PLA2:

Phospholipase-A2

PRRs:

Pattern recognition receptors

RANK:

Receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B

RCT:

Randomized controlled trial

RLSs:

RIG-I-like receptors

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SARS-Cov-2:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2

STAT:

Signal Transducer and Activator Protein

TLRs:

Toll-like receptors

TNFR:

Tumor necrosis factor receptor

TXA2:

Thromboxane

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Ansab Akhtar, Jaspreet Kaur, Mei Nee Chiu & Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah

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  1. Ansab Akhtar
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  2. Jaspreet Kaur
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  3. Mei Nee Chiu
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  4. Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India

    Ranbir Chander Sobti

  2. School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia

    Sunil K. Lal

  3. Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India

    Ramesh K. Goyal

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Akhtar, A., Kaur, J., Chiu, M.N., Sah, S.P. (2023). Repurposing Anti-inflammatory Agents in the Potential Treatment of SARS-COV-2 Infection. In: Sobti, R.C., Lal, S.K., Goyal, R.K. (eds) Drug Repurposing for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Cancer. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5399-6_17

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