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Effects of Malnutrition on Brain Development

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Nutrition and Psychiatric Disorders

Part of the book series: Nutritional Neurosciences ((NN))

Abstract

One of the most significant variables that can hinder the development of the brain is malnutrition. Malnutrition can lead to aberrant growth and behavioral issues. Brain growth, synapse formation, and cell differentiation are all impacted by nutritional deficiencies. A diet deficient in protein during pregnancy is associated with alterations in the neurotransmitters as well as the oxidative state of the brain. As a result, psychosocial problems emerge in childhood that last throughout adulthood. Understanding the deleterious effects of a nutrition deficiency on brain function requires an understanding of the length and commencement of dietary requirements. Many concerns remain unanswered about the long-term implications of prenatal starvation, even after decades of research. Since children’s neurological systems are still developing, they are more vulnerable to the consequences of nutritional inadequacies than adults’ brains. Some of the impacts of caloric deficiency [including in some cases protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM), and a lesser degree of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficit] on some indices of brain damage, behavioral change, and intellect (IQ tests) have been studied in the context of the war years in Europe and the emergence of famine circumstances in other nations. Research on the impact of malnutrition on the developing brain can be broken down into two categories: studies that focus on physical and clinical brain growth and maturation, and studies that focus on the development of “brain function,” which includes neurological, psychomotor, and intellectual development. This chapter explores the effects of a lack of nutrients on the neurodevelopment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indo Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, India

    Pranshul Sethi, Aradhana Prajapati, Tanu Chaudhary & Sumit Kumar

  2. KIET School of Pharmacy, Muradnagar, India

    Tejesvi Mishra

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  1. Pranshul Sethi
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  2. Aradhana Prajapati
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  3. Tejesvi Mishra
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  4. Tanu Chaudhary
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  1. Basic Medical Science Department, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Wael Mohamed

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

    Firas Kobeissy

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Sethi, P., Prajapati, A., Mishra, T., Chaudhary, T., Kumar, S. (2022). Effects of Malnutrition on Brain Development. In: Mohamed, W., Kobeissy, F. (eds) Nutrition and Psychiatric Disorders. Nutritional Neurosciences. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5021-6_4

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