Abstract
Global food security is negatively impacted by climate change since climatic variabilities, such as high temperatures, fluctuating rainfall patterns, and other abiotic and biotic factors, affect plant growth and productivity. Plant hormones or phytohormones are small signaling molecules that play a critical role in plant growth, development, and stress response. Phytohormones affect all phases of the life cycle of plants, including seed germination, seedling growth, branching, flowering, fertilization, fruit formation, embryogenesis, fruit ripening, and senescence. The distinctive feature of plant hormones is that they are physiologically active at very low concentrations (nanomolar to micromolar ranges) and can function far from where they are synthesized. Nine principal groups of plant hormones such auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, abscisic acid, salicylates, jasmonates, brassinosteroids, and strigolactones ubiquitously occur in land plants. Notably, plant growth and stress responses are fine-tuned by the interaction and communication between several hormones. Thus, plant hormone research is important for understanding plant growth, developmental physiology, and interactions with the environment in the face of climate change. In this chapter, we introduce the basic aspects of the aforementioned plant hormones and outline their functions in plant growth, development, and stress responses.
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Acknowledgments
Research in the authors’ laboratories was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 31950410555, 31550110201); Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (grant numbers DL2022026004L, QNJ2021026001); Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number LR22C160002); and Henan University of Science and Technology Research Start-up Funds for New Faculty (grant numbers 13480058, 13480070).
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Ahammed, G.J., Li, X., Yu, J. (2023). Introduction to Plant Hormones and Climate Change. In: Ahammed, G.J., Yu, J. (eds) Plant Hormones and Climate Change. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4941-8_1
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