Abstract
Natural fiber-based composites have made significant progress in recent decades due to their environmental friendliness, lightweight, and low cost. While there are numerous sources of natural fibers, this chapter focuses on bast fibers because they possess desirable characteristics for a variety of applications. These fibers are derived from the phloem that surrounds the stems of fibrous plants, primarily dicotyledonous. Bast fibers’ qualities are regulated by environmental conditions, maturity, extraction method, and processing. This chapter discusses various aspects of different types of bast fibers, their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, and their applications in a variety of fields, intending to promote their use in advanced technology sectors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rajeshkumar G (2021) Cellulose fiber from date palm petioles as potential reinforcement for polymer composites.: Physicochem Struct Prop 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26106
Rajeshkumar G (2021) Mechanical and free vibration properties of Phoenix sp. fiber reinforced epoxy composites: Influence of sodium bicarbonate treatment. Polym Compos 42:6362–6369. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26303
Iyyadurai J, Gandhi VCS, Suyambulingam I, Rajeshkumar G (2021) Sustainable development of cissus quadrangularis stem fiber/epoxy composite on abrasive wear rate. J Nat Fibers 00:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.1982819
RaviKumar P, Rajeshkumar G, Prakash Maran J et al (2021) Evaluation of mechanical and water absorption behaviors of jute/carbon fiber reinforced polyester hybrid composites. J Nat Fibers 00:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.1924339
Sumesh KR, Kavimani V, Rajeshkumar G et al (2021) Effect of banana, pineapple and coir fly ash filled with hybrid fiber epoxy based composites for mechanical and morphological study. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 23:1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-021-01196-6
Rajeshkumar G, Devnani GL, Maran JP et al (2021) Characterization of novel natural cellulosic fibers from purple bauhinia for potential reinforcement in polymer composites. Cellulose 28:5373–5385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03919-2
Ramakrishnan S, Krishnamurthy K, Rajasekar R, Rajeshkumar G (2019) An experimental study on the effect of nano-clay addition on mechanical and water absorption behaviour of jute fibre reinforced epoxy composites. J Ind Text 49:597–620. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083718792915
Ramakrishnan S, Krishnamurthy K, Rajeshkumar G, Asim M (2021) Dynamic mechanical properties and free vibration characteristics of surface modified jute fiber/nano-clay reinforced epoxy composites. J Polym Environ 29:1076–1088. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-020-01945-y
Fiore V, Di Bella G, Valenza A (2015) The effect of alkaline treatment on mechanical properties of kenaf fibers and their epoxy composites. Compos Part B Eng 68:14–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.08.025
Aziz SH, Ansell MP, Clarke SJ, Panteny SR (2005) Modified polyester resins for natural fibre composites. Compos Sci Technol 65:525–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.08.005
Lim ZY, Putra A, Nor MJM, Yaakob MY (2018) Sound absorption performance of natural kenaf fibres. Appl Acoust 130:107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2017.09.012
Romanzini D, Junior HLO, Amico SC, Zattera AJ (2012) Preparation and characterization of ramie-glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix hybrid composites. Mater Res 15:415–420. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392012005000050
Goda K, Sreekala MS, Gomes A et al (2006) Improvement of plant based natural fibers for toughening green composites-effect of load application during mercerization of ramie fibers. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 37:2213–2220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.12.014
Monteiro SN, Milanezi TL, Louro LHL et al (2016) Novel ballistic ramie fabric composite competing with KevlarTM fabric in multilayered armor. Mater Des 96:263–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.02.024
Fonseca CS, Silva MF, Mendes RF et al (2019) Jute fibers and micro/nanofibrils as reinforcement in extruded fiber-cement composites. Constr Build Mater 211:517–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.236
Khan JA, Khan MA (2015) The use of jute fibers as reinforcements in composites
Aly-Hassan MS (2015) A new perspective in multifunctional composite materials. Elsevier Inc.
Crini G, Lichtfouse E, Chanet G, Morin-Crini N (2020) Applications of hemp in textiles, paper industry, insulation and building materials, horticulture, animal nutrition, food and beverages, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and hygiene, medicine, agrochemistry, energy production and environment: a review. Environ Chem Lett 18:1451–1476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01029-2
Duque Schumacher AG, Pequito S, Pazour J (2020) Industrial hemp fiber: A sustainable and economical alternative to cotton. J Clean Prod 268:122180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122180
Parvez AM, Lewis JD, Afzal MT (2021) Potential of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) for bioenergy production in Canada: status, challenges and outlook. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 141:110784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.110784
Neves ACC, Rohen LA, Mantovani DP et al (2020) Comparative mechanical properties between biocomposites of Epoxy and polyester matrices reinforced by hemp fiber. J Mater Res Technol 9:1296–1304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.11.056
Dash C, Bisoyi DK (2020) A study on the structure-property relationship of microwave irradiated Sunn Hemp fiber reinforced polymer composite. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng 798:012015.https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/798/1/012015
Krishnan T, Jayabal S, Krishna VN (2018) Tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness properties of alkaline-treated Sunnhemp fiber reinforced polyester composites. J Nat Fibers 00:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2018.1492488
Debnath S (2017) Sustainable production of bast fibres. Elsevier Ltd
Sengupta S, Debnath S (2018) Development of sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea) fibre based unconventional fabric. Ind Crops Prod 116:109–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.02.059
Nadlene R, Sapuan SM, Jawaid M et al (2016) A review on roselle fiber and its composites. J Nat Fibers 13:10–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2014.984052
Crane JC (1949) Roselle—a potentially important plant fiber. Econ Bot 3:89–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02859509
Razali N, Salit MS, Jawaid M et al (2015) A study on chemical composition, physical, tensile, morphological, and thermal properties of roselle fibre: effect of fibre maturity. BioResources 10:1803–1823. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.10.1.1803-1824
Ilyas RA, Asyraf MRM, Sapuan SM, Afiq TMN, Suhrisman A, Atikah MSN, Ibrahim R (2021) Development of roselle fiber-reinforced polymer biocomposite mug pad using the hybrid design for sustainability and pugh method. In: Sapuan SM, Nadlene R, Radzi AM, Ilyas RA (ed) Roselle production, processing, products and biocomposites. Academic, pp 197–213
Njoku CE, Omotoyinbo JA, Alaneme KK, Daramola MO (2020) Structural characterization and mechanical behaviour of sodium hydroxide-treated urena lobata fiber reinforced polypropylene matrix composites. Fibers Polym 21:2983–2992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-1289-3
Njoku CE, Omotoyinbo JA, Alaneme KK, Daramola MO (2019) Chemical modification of urena lobata (Caeser weed) fibers for reinforcement applications. J Phys Conf Ser 1378:022015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1378/2/022015
Njoku CE, Omotoyinbo JA, Alaneme KK, Daramola MO (2020) Characterization of urena lobata fibers after alkaline treatment for use in polymer composites. J Nat Fibers 00:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1745127
Costa UO, Nascimento LFC, Garcia JM et al (2020) Evaluation of Izod impact and bend properties of epoxy composites reinforced with mallow fibers. J Mater Res Technol 9:373–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.10.066
Yan L, Chouw N, Jayaraman K (2014) Flax fibre and its composites - a review. Compos Part B Eng 56:296–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.08.014
Morrison WH, Archibald DD, Sharma HSS, Akin DE (2000) Chemical and physical characterization of water- and dew-retted flax fibers. Ind Crops Prod 12:39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(99)00044-8
Yang J, Wen C, Duan Y et al (2021) The composition, extraction, analysis, bioactivities, bioavailability and applications in food system of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) oil: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 118:252–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.025
Harwood J, Edom G (2012) Nettle fibre: its prospects, uses and problems in historical perspective. Text Hist 43:107–119. https://doi.org/10.1179/174329512X13284471321244
Balzarini J, Neyts J, Schols D et al (1992) The mannose-specific plant lectins from Cymbidium hybrid and Epipactis helleborine and the (N-acetylglucosamine)n-specific plant lectin from Urtica dioica are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus replication. Antiviral Res 18:191–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-3542(92)90038-7
Wagner H, Willer F, Kreher B (1989) Biologically active compounds from the aqueous extract of Urtica dioica. Planta Med 55:452–454. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-962062
Srivastava N, Rastogi D (2018) Nettle fiber: Himalayan wonder with extraordinary textile properties. Int J Home Sci 4:281–285
Jeannin T, Yung L, Evon P et al (2019) Are nettle fibers produced on metal-contaminated lands suitable for composite applications? Mater Today Proc 31:S291–S295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.365
Vigneswaran C, Pavithra V, Gayathri V, Mythili K (2015) Banana fiber: scope and value added product development. J Text Appar Technol Manag 9:1–7
Komal UK, Lila MK, Singh I (2020) PLA/banana fiber based sustainable biocomposites: a manufacturing perspective. Compos Part B Eng 180:107535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107535
RodrĂguez LJ, Fabbri S, Orrego CE, Owsianiak M (2020) Comparative life cycle assessment of coffee jar lids made from biocomposites containing poly(lactic acid) and banana fiber. J Environ Manag 266:110493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110493
Dittenber DB, Gangarao HVS (2012) Critical review of recent publications on use of natural composites in infrastructure. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 43:1419–1429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.11.019
Mudoi MP, Sinha S, Parthasarthy V (2021) Polymer composite material with nettle fiber reinforcement: a review. Bioresour Technol Reports 16:100860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100860
Bismarck, A., Mishra, S. and Lampke T (2005) Plant fibers as reinforcement for green composites. In: Natural fibers. biopolymers and biocomposites
Rajeshkumar G, Seshadri SA, Ramakrishnan S et al (2021) A comprehensive review on natural fiber/nano-clay reinforced hybrid polymeric composites: materials and technologies. Polym Compos 42:3687–3701. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26110
Jena PK, Mohanty JR, Nayak S et al (2020) Utilization of chemically modified novel urena lobata fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites–an experimental study. J Nat Fibers 00:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1818352
Senwitz C, Kempe A, Neinhuis C et al (2016) Almost forgotten resources - Biomechanical properties of traditionally used bast fibers from northern Angola. BioResources 11:7595–7607. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.3.7595-7607
Chaudhary SN, Borkar SP, Mantha SS (2010) Sunnhemp fiber-reinforced waste polyethylene bag composites. J Reinf Plast Compos 29:2241–2252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684409345615
Vanishree S, Mahale G, Babalad HB (2019) Extraction of sunnhemp fibre and its properties. Indian J Fibre Text Res 44:188–192
Ramaswamy GN, Sellers T, Tao W, Crook LG (2003) Kenaf nonwovens as substrates for laminations. Ind Crops Prod 17:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(02)00040-7
Romanzini D, Lavoratti A, Ornaghi HL et al (2013) Influence of fiber content on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of glass/ramie polymer composites. Mater Des 47:9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.12.029
Holbery J, Houston D (2006) Natural-fiber-reinforced polymer composites in automotive applications. Jom 58:80–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-006-0234-2
Furtado SCR, AraĂşjo AL, Silva A et al (2014) Natural fibre-reinforced composite parts for automotive applications. Int J Automot Compos 1:18. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijautoc.2014.064112
Mwasiagi JI, Yu CW, Phologolo T et al (2014) Characterization of the Kenyan Hibiscus. Fibres Text East Eur 3:31–34
Saleem MH, Ali S, Hussain S et al (2020) Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): a potential candidatfor phytoremediation? biological and economical points of view. Plants 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9040496
Huang G (2005) Nettle (Urtica cannabina L) fibre, properties and spinning practice. J Text Inst 96:11–15. https://doi.org/10.1533/joti.2004.0023
Courchene CE, Peter GF, Litvay J (2006) Cellulose microfibril angle as a determinant of paper strength and hygroexpansivity in Pinus taeda L. Wood Fiber Sci 38:112–120
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rajeshkumar, G., Raj, T.V., Ashik, A.S., Sooraj, R.L., Aravindh, S. (2022). Introduction to Bast Fibers. In: Rajeshkumar, G., Devnani, G., Sinha, S., Sanjay, M., Siengchin, S. (eds) Bast Fibers and Their Composites. Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4866-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4866-4_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-4865-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-4866-4
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)