Abstract
Rising energy demands and depletion of fossil fuels have led the research community to investigate alternative fuel sources. Green and renewable biofuels have evolved to substitute for a non-renewable energy source. Biomass can be utilized as a raw material for producing low-carbon fuels. Although biomass-based fuels can replace fossil fuels, direct use is limited due to the low quality of the fuels and expensive process costs. An unrivaled solution to this problem is an integrated biorefinery concept involving generating hydrocarbon-grade fuels and valuable chemicals from pyrolysis-derived bio-oil. The chapter examines recent breakthroughs in bio-oil up-gradation processes and moisture removal techniques and bio-oil recovery of valuable compounds. One of the widely used and well-developed techniques for producing bio-oil is the fast pyrolysis of biomass. The catalytic cracking process has been identified as a viable technology for converting bio-crude to liquid fuel in bio-oil upgrading. The chapter examines recent trends and advances in the fast pyrolysis technique to improve overall profitability of the process. Critical analysis of the potential and existing techniques and necessary future steps are essential for adopting these methods industrially and in a feasible manner.
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Abbreviations
- CHNS-O:
-
Analyzer
- CO2:
-
Carbon dioxide
- DSC:
-
Differential scanning calorimetry
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscope; Py-GC/MS- Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopic analyzer
- NMR:
-
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- NOx:
-
Nitrogen oxides
- SO2:
-
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
- TGA:
-
Thermogravimetric analysis analyzer
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction analyzer
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Koralkar, N., Ghodke, P.K. (2022). Technical Criteria for Converting Biomass to High Liquid Bio-Oil Yields. In: Verma, P. (eds) Thermochemical and Catalytic Conversion Technologies for Future Biorefineries. Clean Energy Production Technologies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4312-6_7
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