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The Function of Stem Cells in Ocular Homeostasis

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Handbook of Stem Cell Therapy

Abstract

Stem cells are defined as precursor cells with capabilities of self-renewal and the potential to differentiate into any type of specialized cells in the human body. Stem cells are categorized into two main types: pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells. The former are derived from an embryo or can be generated by reprogramming and the latter from somatic tissues. The pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into three germ layers and tissue-specific stem cells, whereas the adult stem cells residing in somatic tissues can differentiate into specific cell lineage depending on the tissue environment. Multiple studies have characterized adult stem cells in many human tissues, including the eye, and in recent years, there have been many reports highlighting the critical role of adult stem cells in maintaining the natural homeostasis of the eye. This chapter reviews the various populations of adult stem cells that exist in multiple compartments of the eye and their critical role in regeneration and repairability during ocular damage and/or disease.

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Abbreviations

AMD:

Age-related macular degeneration

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

iPSCs:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

RP:

Retinitis pigmentosa

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    S. Amer Riazuddin, Shahid Y. Khan & Muhammad Ali

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  1. S. Amer Riazuddin
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  2. Shahid Y. Khan
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  3. Muhammad Ali
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Correspondence to S. Amer Riazuddin .

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  1. Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Saudi Arabia

    Khawaja Husnain Haider

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  1. Sulaiman AlRajhi Medical School, Al Bukairiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Khawaja Husnain Haider

  2. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    SA Riazuddin

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Riazuddin, S.A., Khan, S.Y., Ali, M. (2022). The Function of Stem Cells in Ocular Homeostasis. In: Haider, K.H. (eds) Handbook of Stem Cell Therapy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2655-6_32

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