Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Springer Proceedings in Physics ((SPPHY,volume 276))

Abstract

The long storage performance of NEPE propellant is an important property concerned by propellant researchers. With the change of long storage time, the fluctuation of propellant performance is an important problem restricting the application of NEPE propellant in military equipment. In this paper, the research progress of long storage performance of NEPE propellant in recent years is reviewed, including aging mechanism, aging performance research methods and life prediction. The results show that the aging reactions of NEPE propellant are mainly divided into nitrate decomposition, binder degradation and post curing reaction. Researchers used computational simulation, spectral method, mechanical method, thermal analysis method, chromatography and other methods to evaluate the long storage performance of NEPE, and based on the above methods to predict the life of NEPE propellant. It is generally considered that the service life of NEPE propellant is about 13–16 years.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. W. Xie, Y. Zhao, W. Zhang, Y. Liu, X. Fan, B. Wang, W. He, Q.L. Yan, Sensitivity and stability improvements of NEPE propellants by inclusion of FOX-7. Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 43, 308–314 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. H.M. Tan, Development direction of high energy propellant—NEPE propellant. Trans. Beijing Inst. Technol. (S1), 1–7 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  3. H. Zhang, S. Peng, A.M. Pang, Q.W. Cao, Coupling aging behaviors and mechanism between mechanical properties and chemical stability of NEPE propellant. J. Propuls. Technol. 28(03), 327–332 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  4. H.C. Pei, W.E. Wu, X. Fu, H.F. Qiang, Research progress in molecular simulation of NEPE propellant storage performance. Chem. Propellants Polym. Mater. 13(03), 26–30 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  5. H.M. Tan, The Chemistry and Technology of Solid Rocket Propellant (Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2015)

    Google Scholar 

  6. P.W. Qing, M.L. Wang, R.H. Lu, C.L. Guo, C.L. Huang, Y. Li, X.B. Zhao, S. Peng, Theoretical calculation and numerical simulation of thermal safety on NEPE propellant. Chin. J. Explos. Propellants 42(6), 602–607 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  7. G. Wang, S.H. Hou, W.M. Wu, H.X. Li, Molecular simulation on selecting curing agent for NEPE propellant based on compatibility. J. Solid Rocket Technol. 38(05), 684–688 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  8. H.L. Xiao, D.X. Wang, Quantum chemical studies on nitrate esters —trinitroglycerin and mechanisms of its thermal decomposition. Acta Armamentarii 01, 41–46 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  9. A. Singh, S. Radhakrishnan, R. Vijayalakshmi, M. Talawar, A. Kumar, D. Kumar, Screening of polymer-plasticizer systems for propellant binder applications: an experimental and simulation approach. J. Energ. Mater. 37, 365–377 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. P. van de Witte, P. Dijkstra, J. Van den Berg, J. Feijen, Phase separation processes in polymer solutions in relation to membrane formation. J. Membr. Sci. 117, 1–31 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. K. Nakamae, T. Nishino, S. Asaoka, Microphase separation and surface properties of segmented polyurethane—effect of hard segment content. Int. J. Adhes. Binders 16, 233–239 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. X.P. Zhang, X.B. Zhao, L. Du, J. Zhen, Effect of phase separation on the properties of NEPE propellant. J. Propuls. Technol. 25(01), 93–94 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  13. X.B. Zhao, X.P. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Du, Effect of chain extender on the mechanical properties of NEPE propellant. J. Propuls. Technol. 24(01), 74–79 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Q. Pan, Y. Wang, Z.Q. Chen, F.Q. Zhao, S.W. Li, The thermal decomposition of NEPE propellant (III) thermal decomposition of HMX/RDX/AP-NEPE propellant. Chin. J. Explos. Propellants 26(03), 45–47 (2003)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. L.Y. Zhang, S.Y. Heng, Z.R. Liu, L.J. Zhang, P. Yue, Dynamic mechanical properties for aged NEPE propellant. J. Propuls. Technol. 27(5), 477–480 (2006)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. X.P. Fan, A prediction on the physical aging life of NEPE-5 propellant. Chin. J. Explos. Propellants 26, 43–46 (2003)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. A.M. Pang, X.H. Chi, H.L. Yin, Recent advances on research of binders interfaces between NEPE propellants and HTPB liner. J. Solid Rocket Technol. 41(02), 181–189 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  18. B. Vogelsanger, Chemical stability, compatibility and shelf life of explosives. CHIMIA Int. J. Chem. 58, 401–408 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. R. Assink, M. Celina, K. Gillen, A. Graham, L. Minier, Polymer aging techniques applied to degradation of a polyurethane propellant binder. Office of Scientific & Technical Information Technical Reports (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  20. D. Trache, A.F. Tarchoun, Analytical methods for stability assessment of nitrate esters-based propellants. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 49, 415–438 (2019)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Y.F. Hou, J.S. Xu, Y.J. Gu, Y.J. Gu, C.X. Zhou, Mesoscopic model of cracking process of NEPE propellant based on cohesive zone model. Acta Armamentarh 41(11), 2206–2215 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  22. S.K. Shee, S.T. Reddy, J. Athar, A.K. Sikder, M. Talawar, S. Banerjee, M.A.S. Khan, Probing the compatibility of energetic binder poly-glycidyl nitrate with energetic plasticizers: thermal, rheological and DFT studies. RSC Adv. 5, 101297–101308 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. P. Zhang, A. Pang, G. Tang, J. Deng, Molecular dynamics simulation study on the mechanism of NPBA enhancing interface strength of NEPE propellant. Appl. Surf. Sci. 493, 131–138 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. L. Han, J.S. Xu, F. T, C.X. Zhou, Research on viscoelastic constitutive model for NEPE composite propellant with meso-mechanics damage due to particle dewetting. J. Propuls. Technol. 38(08), 1885–1892 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Y. Wang, W. Zhang, K. Xiao, W. Yao, W. Xie, Y. Liu, J. Yang, Y. Chen, Experimental and simulation study of the phase separation of neutral polymeric bonding agent in nitrate ester plasticized polyether propellant and its application. Colloids Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 610, 125665 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. P. Zhang, J. Yuan, A. Pang, G. Tang, J. Deng, A novel UV-curing liner for NEPE propellant: Insight from molecular simulations. Compos. Part B: Eng. 195, 108087 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. S. Li, Y. Liu, X. Tuo, X. Wang, Mesoscale dynamic simulation on phase separation between plasticizer and binder in NEPE propellants. Polymer 49, 2775–2780 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. X. Sui, N. Wang, Q. Wan, S. Bi, Effects of relaxed modulus on the structure integrity of NEPE propellant grains during high temperature aging. Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 35, 535–539 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. K. Liu, M. Wang, M. Xu, Z. Meng, H. Chang, G. Zhang, Z. Chen, L. Zhang, Determination of the component mass ratio and moisture in BTTN/NG nitrate ester mixture simultaneously by qNMR and method validation. Microchem. J. 152, 104337 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. F.J. Wu, S. Peng, X.H. Chi, F.C. Zhong, XPS characterization of NEPE propellant/line bondline. J. Solid Rocket Technol. 32(02), 192–196 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Z.H. Yan, T. Tao, X. Sui, N.F. Wang, Characterization of tensile strength of NEPE propellant in the aging process. Chin. J. Explos. Propellants 44(03), 356–360 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  32. D. Gui, Y. Zong, S. Ding, C. Li, Q. Zhang, M. Wang, J. Liu, X. Chi, X. Ma, A. Pang, In–situ characterization and cure kinetics in NEPE propellant/HTPB liner interface by microscopic FT-IR. Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 42, 410–416 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. A.H. Farhadian, M.K. Tehrani, M.H. Keshavarz, M. Karimi, S.M.R. Darbani, Relationship between the results of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and dynamical mechanical analysis in composite solid propellants during their aging. Appl. Opt. 55, 4362–4369 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. F.Q. Zhao, S.W. Li, Q. Pan, Y. Wang, P. Chen, Y. Gao, Study on thermal decomposition of NEPE propellant(II)—thermal decomposition of HMX/RDX-NEPE propellant. Chin. J. Energ. Mater. 10(4), 153–156 (2002)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. C. Farley, A. Kassu, J. Mills, P. Ruffin, M. Curley, S. Sadate-Moualeu, J. Parker, C. Marshall, J. Rice, B. McDonald, Raman spectroscopic analysis of model solid rocket propellant for the detection of stabilizer decay, vol. 11498. International Society for Optics and Photonics. (2020), p. 114980A

    Google Scholar 

  36. B. McDonald, C. Marshall, Aging-induced electrical resistance changes in an RDX-loaded nitrate ester propellant with polyglycol adipate (PGA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) cross-linked binders subject to various thermal and moisture environmental conditions. J. Energ. Mater. 35, 77–94 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. X.H. Chi, S. Peng, F.T. Zhang, G. Yang, Y. Cao, C.Y. Zhao, Effects of aging on statistical mechanical properties distributions of NEPE propellant. J. Solid Rocket Technol. 42(03), 396–402 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  38. L. Han, X. Chen, J.S. Xu, C.S. Zhou, J.Q. Yu, Research on the time–temperature–damage superposition principle of NEPE propellant. Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. 19, 581–599 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Y.L. Shen, X. Ren, J.Q. Li, S. Ma, A viscoelastic constitutive model of low smoke NEPE propellant considering strain rate and temperature response. J. Solid Rocket Technol. 42(03), 314–321 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  40. X.Y. Wang, Q. Tang, W. Li, X.Z. Pan, Study on stress relaxation experiment of NEPE propellant. Chem. Propellants Polym. Mater. 18(02), 44–47 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Y. Liang, M. Zhang, H. Ren, Q. Jiao, Comprehensive evaluation of the accelerated aging law of NEPE propellants. J. Chem. 2020, 1–7 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. J. An, L. Ding, Y. Liang, Y.L. Zhu, J. Zhou, J.J. Du, K.Y. Wang, Aging properties of NEPE propellant under temperature and pressure loading action. Chin. J. Explos. Propellants 42(04), 375–379 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Y.B. Gao, X. Chen, J.S. Xu, S.Q. Hu, Dynamic mechanical properties analysis of NEPE propellant. J. Technol. 36(09), 1410–1415 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Q. Xu, Q.W. Hu, B.L. Sha, B.L. Sha, Viscoelastic constitutive study of NEPE solid propellant with damage. Chin. J. Appl. Mech. 036(03), 652–657 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  45. H. Li, S.X. Wang, M. Li, J.S. Xu, X.G. Fan, X. Chen, Experimental research on tensile mechanical properties of NEPE propellant under confining pressure. Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 45, 1769–1779 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. H. Li, J.S. Xu, J.M. Liu, T.Y. Wang, X. Chen, H.W. Li, Research on the influences of confining pressure and strain rate on NEPE propellant: experimental assessment and constitutive model. Defence Technol. 17, 1764–1774 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Q. Pan, Y. Wang, Z.Q. Chen, F.Q. Zhao, S.W. Li, Study on the therm aldecom position of NEPE propellant (IV). J. Solid Rocket Technol. 04, 45–47 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  48. E.G. Yao, F.Q. Zhao, H.X. Gao, S.Y. Xu, R.Z. Hu, H.X. Hao, T. An, Q. Pei, L.B. Xiao, Thermal behavior and non-isothermal decomposition reaction kinetics of aluminum nanopowders coated with an oleic acid/hexogen composite system. Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 28, 781–786 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Y. Sun, H. Ren, Q. Jiao, Comparison of thermal behaviors and decomposition kinetics of NEPE propellant before and after storage. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 131, 101–111 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Y.M. Milekhin, A. Koptelov, N. Shishov, I. Koptelov, A. Rogozina, Evaporation of plasticizer from NEPE type propellant. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 91, 802–812 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Z.P. Huang, L.M. Tan, Q.W. Cao, X.G. Ma, Quantitative analysis of migrating components in interface of NEPE propellant/liner/insulation. Chin. J. Energ. Mater. 18(03), 330–334 (2010)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Z.P. Huang, H.Y. Nie, Y.Y. Zhang, L.M. Tan, H.L. Yin, X.G. Ma, Migration kinetics and mechanisms of plasticizers, stabilizers at interfaces of NEPE propellant/HTPB liner/EDPM insulation. J. Hazard. Mater. 229, 251–257 (2012)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. W.E. Wu, X. Fu, L.T. Ren, H.C. Pei, G. Wang, H.F. Qiang, Determination of stabilizers in NEPE propellant with high performance liquid chromatography. Chem. Propellants Polym. Mater. 13(06), 87–90 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. W.E. Wu, C. Chen, X. Fu, C. Ding, G. Wang, The correlation between chemical stability and binder network structure in NEPE propellant. Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 42, 541–546 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. K.H. Dong, L.Z. Kong, L.G. Pei, C.S. Tong, Y.H. Tang, Study on chemical aging properties of NEPE propellant under constant strain. J. Propuls. Technol. 41(02), 447–454 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  56. A.M. Pang, H.Y. Lie, Z.P. Huang, L.P. Sang, W. Hu, H.L. Yin, X.G. Ma, Q.W. Cao, Determination of Migration Components in the Bonding System of Nitrate Plasticized Polyether Propellant. Hu Bei, CN103207243A,2013-07-17

    Google Scholar 

  57. H.L. Yin, D.F. Li, Y. Wang, G.Y. Zhang, Effect of ingredient migration on interface bonding properties of NEPE propellant. J. Solid Rocket Technol. 028(02), 126–129 (2005)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. H. Gao, F. Chen, R. Cai, S. Ye, F. Tan, W. Xiong, Y. Yi, W. Hu, The diffusion of components from propellant and liner at the interfaces of EPDM insulation. Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 46, 460–467 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Y. Xiong, X. Sui, N.F. Wang, 27–29 July 2015, Research on NEPE Propellant Life Prediction Model. 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference

    Google Scholar 

  60. L.Z. Kong, K.H. Dong, Y.H. Tang, S.G. Lai, Y.H. Qu, Non-destructive storage life prediction of NEPE propellant. Chin. J. Energ. Mater. (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  61. N. Wang, Q. Wan, X. Sui, Y. Xiong, Life prediction of NEPE propellants. Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 39, 102–107 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. N.Y. Zhang, Z.R. Liu, S.Y. Heng, K.Y. Wang, F. Han, Estimation of life span for NEPE propellant. J. Propuls. Technol. 27(06), 572–576 (2006)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiaolong Fu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 China Ordnance Society

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Shi, L., Fu, X., Meng, S., Wang, J. (2022). Research Progress on Long Storage Performance of NEPE Propellant. In: Gany, A., Fu, X. (eds) 2021 International Conference on Development and Application of Carbon Nanomaterials in Energetic Materials. ICCN 2021. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 276. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1774-5_45

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics