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Investigating the Change in Water Characteristics and Scale Formation Under the Varying Turbulent Flow

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Advancement in Materials, Manufacturing and Energy Engineering, Vol. II

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering ((LNME))

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Abstract

Due to hard water circulation, the scale is formed on pipe walls which are difficult to remove. The conventional methods which are used for scale removal used hazardous chemicals which affects human as well as water chemistry. This study shows that the use of physical water treatment method like magnetic treatment is safe and effective method for scale removal as well as water treatment. Static magnetic field of 3800 Gauss was applied in the experimental setup on different pipe materials. The scale removal rate was analyzed based on the formation of aragonite crystals in water pipes, after water passing through the magnetic field. The crystal’s morphology was measured by field emission scanning electron microscope on the different materials of pipe. The water flow was maintained at 3, 5, and 7 L/min. After magnetic treatment, the result shows that the scale removal increases from pipe walls and reduced the total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), hardness, and alkalinity of water. These water characteristics are further decreased as on raising the flow rate from 3 to 7 L/min. The TDS, EC, hardness, and alkalinity reduction rate were higher for the first 15 h of circulation than remaining time. On investigating the effect of magnetic treatment on the pipe material, it was obtained that the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe is much efficient than galvanized iron (GI) and copper pipes.

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Abbreviations

TDS:

Total dissolved solids (mg/L)

EC:

Electrical conductivity (µs/cm)

PVC:

Polyvinyl chloride

GI:

Galvanized iron

MTD:

Magnetic treatment device

MWT:

Magnetic water treatment

FESEM:

Field emission scanning electron microscope

FL:

Lorentz force (Newton)

q:

Quantity of charged species (Coulomb)

v:

Velocity of particles (m/s)

B:

Magnetic field Tesla (T)

Ɵ:

Angle between v and B vectors (Degree)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. BBD University, Lucknow, India

    Amrit Anand Dosar

  2. DIT University, Dehradun, India

    Vivek Srivastava

Authors
  1. Amrit Anand Dosar
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  2. Vivek Srivastava
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amrit Anand Dosar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Puneet Verma

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resource, Effurun, Nigeria

    Olusegun D. Samuel

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

    Tikendra Nath Verma

  4. Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

    Gaurav Dwivedi

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Dosar, A.A., Srivastava, V. (2022). Investigating the Change in Water Characteristics and Scale Formation Under the Varying Turbulent Flow. In: Verma, P., Samuel, O.D., Verma, T.N., Dwivedi, G. (eds) Advancement in Materials, Manufacturing and Energy Engineering, Vol. II. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8341-1_27

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8341-1_27

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-8340-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-8341-1

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