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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Catalysts

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are periodically well-organized polymeric skeletons of organic monomer units connected through strong covalent linkages to form stable crystalline materials. The specific bonding among the organic monomer unit constructs a regular and porous skeleton, and therefore, these COFs are considered as highly ordered and uniform materials. COFs have recently appeared as heterogeneous catalysts for various organic transformations and photocatalytic reactions. These properties are arisen due to the reticular design of these materials, and this reticular design comes from the diversity of organic building blocks, stable geometry, and reversibility of dynamic covalent reactions. These materials are usually formed by organic building blocks consisting of heteroatoms and obtained in situ during the synthesis of 2/3D-ordered porous materials. The COFs are acclaimed as functional materials due to their crystallinity, porous nature, both chemical and thermal stability, low skeleton density, high surface area, diverse and easy synthetic methodologies, flexibility, insolubility, cheaper substrates, and highly simplified for functional modifications. Additionally, COFs can be used as appropriate carriers to lock metal ions or by using their functional in-built sites as a catalyst. This chapter summarizes the noteworthy progress in the synthesis of COFs material and their potential catalytic applications with an emphasis on their property as support material for heterogeneous catalysis.

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Abbreviations

COF:

Covalent organic framework

CTF:

Covalent triazine framework

MOF:

Metal–organic framework

MNPs:

Metal nanoparticles

CP-MAS:

Cross-polarization magic angle spinning

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

BDBA:

Benzene-1,4-diboronic acid

PXRD:

Powder X-ray diffraction

MCR:

Multi-component reactions

DCM:

Dichloromethane

DMF:

Dimethylformamide

ORR:

Oxygen reduction reaction

eV:

Electronvolt

TFA:

Trifluoroacetic acid

2D/3D:

Two dimensional/three dimensional

TON:

Turn over number

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  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Subodh & Dhanraj T. Masram

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Shikha Gulati

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Subodh, Masram, D.T. (2022). Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Heterogeneous Catalysis. In: Gulati, S. (eds) Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Catalysts. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7959-9_11

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